Table 1.
Sample characteristics of adult participants living with HIV and community controls (n=167) along with clinical characteristics of participants living with HIV
| Sample characteristics | Total sample | HIV infected n=84 |
Controls n=83 |
P values |
| n (%) or mean (SD) or median (IQR) | ||||
| Age (in years; mean (SD)) | 37.0 (8.7) | 40.1 (6.4) | 33.8 (9.5) | <0.01* |
| Sex | ||||
| Female | 119 (71.3) | 66 (78.6) | 53 (63.9) | 0.04 |
| Male | 48 (28.7) | 18 (21.4) | 30 (36.1) | |
| Marital status OM=1 | ||||
| Never married | 27 (16.3) | 8 (9.5) | 19 (23.2) | <0.01† |
| Married | 106 (63.9) | 47 (56.0) | 59 (72.0) | |
| Separated/divorced/widowed | 33 (19.9) | 29 (34.5) | 4 (4.9) | |
| Education OM=2 | ||||
| None | 27 (16.4) | 20 (24.1) | 7 (8.5) | <0.01 |
| Primary incomplete | 73 (44.2) | 47 (56.6) | 26 (31.7) | |
| Primary complete | 65 (39.4) | 16 (19.3) | 49 (59.8) | |
| SES Asset Index (median (IQR)) | 2.0 (1.0–3.0) | 1.0 (1.0–3.0) | 2.0 (1.0–2.0) | 0.92‡ |
| BMI (median (IQR)) | 22.4 (20.2–26.2) | 22.4 (19.0–26.7) | 22.3 (20.5–25.9) | 0.67‡ |
| MUAC (median (IQR)) | 26.9 (25.0–29.3) | 26.7 (24.2–29.0) | 27.1 (25.2–29.4) | 0.33‡ |
| Severity of depressive symptoms | ||||
| No depressive symptom | 147 (88.0) | 69 (82.1) | 78 (94.0) | 0.06* |
| Mild depressive symptoms | 9 (5.4) | 8 (9.5) | 1 (1.2) | |
| Moderate depressive symptoms | 6 (3.6) | 4 (4.8) | 2 (2.4) | |
| Severe depressive symptoms | 5 (3.0) | 3 (3.6) | 2 (2.4) | |
| HIV-related clinical characteristics | ||||
| HIV disease staging OM=6 | ||||
| Stage 1 | NA | 38 (48.7) | NA | NA |
| Stage 2 | NA | 27 (34.6) | NA | NA |
| Stage 3 | NA | 13 (16.7) | NA | NA |
| No of ARV medication OM=7 | ||||
| Two | NA | 56 (72.7) | NA | NA |
| Three | NA | 21 (27.3) | NA | NA |
| Duration on ARV | ||||
| <1 year | NA | 4 (5.1) | NA | NA |
| 1–5 years | NA | 29 (37.2) | NA | NA |
| 6–10 years | NA | 36 (46.2) | NA | NA |
| >10 years | NA | 9 (11.5) | NA | NA |
Bold, statistically significant results (p-values).
Notes: Percentages are exclusive of missing values. For observations with missing values, the number of missing values is indicated in the table as OM (observations with missing values). P values are based on χ2 statistic except for:
*Based on independent t-test.
†χ2 based on Fisher’s exact test.
‡Based on Mann-Whitney U test.
ARV, antiretroviral; BMI, body mass index; CNT, contingency naming test; MUAC, mid-upper arm circumference; NA, not applicable; QoL, quality of life; SES, socioeconomic status.