Table 2.

Mean scores (SD) on measures of functional health literacy and cognitive ability by survival status and p values to determine whether these scores differ by survival status

	n	Alive	Dead	P values
REALM score	794	65.08 (2.39)	64.67 (3.02)	0.015
S-TOFHLA score	744	38.00 (3.85)	36.69 (5.37)	0.025
NVS score	789	2.92 (1.90)	2.48 (1.92)	0.011
General functional health literacy	740	0.05 (0.98)	−0.24 (1.08)	0.007
Age-11 IQ	752	101.08 (14.99)	98.55 (16.33)	0.091
Current fluid ability	789	0.07 (0.99)	−0.34 (1.00)	<0.001

NVS, Newest Vital Sign; REALM, Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine; S-TOFHLA, Shortened Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults.