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. 2018 Sep 12;9:1027. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01027

FIGURE 4.

FIGURE 4

Proposed model for placental uptake of cholesterol from maternal lipoproteins, cholesterol metabolism, and materno-fetal transport of cholesterol. For detailed information, see text. Solid arrows indicate pathways that have been demonstrated in vitro. Dashed arrows indicate hypothetic routes. Apo, Apolipoprotein; ABC transporters, ATP-binding cassette transporters; CYPs, cytochrome P-450 enzymes; CTB, cytotrophoblast; pFECs, placental-fetal endothelial cells; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HSP, heat shock protein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; LDLR, low-density lipoprotein receptor; LRP, lipoprotein receptor-related proteins; LXR, liver X receptor; PDI, protein disulfide isomerase; MTP, microsomal triglyceride transfer protein; RXR, retinoid X receptor; SRB1, scavenger receptor class B type 1; STARD3, StAR-related lipid transfer domain protein 3; STB, syncytiotrophoblast; VLDL, very low-density lipoprotein; VLDLR, very low-density lipoprotein receptor.