Table 1.
Sampling localities and genetic diversity measuresa
| Land Massb | Flywayc | Region | Locality (Map coded) | mtDNA | Microsatellites | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | H | dh (SD) | π (SD) | D | F | n | A (SD) | AR | Ho (SD)/He (SD) | ||||
| OW | Western Palearctic | Greenland | Ireland (P) | 29 | 12 | 0.9039 (0.0305) | 0.0084 (0.0050) | −0.57 | −3.29 | 30 | 4.00 (1.77) | 2.83 | 54.6 (3.2)/51.8 (5.9) |
| Asia | Vaygach Island (V) | 17 | 5 | 0.7132 (0.0827) | 0.0093 (0.0056) | −0.04 | 2.42 | 17 | 5.00 (2.88) | 3.65 | 61.2 (4.2)/61.2 (8.0) | ||
| Taimyr Peninsula (U) | 20 | 12 | 0.9211 (0.0422) | 0.0154 (0.0086) | −0.96 | −1.73 | 20 | 5.38 (2.26) | 3.60 | 61.7 (3.9)/60.8 (6.2) | |||
| Eastern Palearctic | Asia | Lena River Delta (S) | 10 | 6 | 0.7778 (0.1374) | 0.0047 (0.0034) | −0.84 | −2.29 | 10 | 4.13 (2.70) | 3.48 | 51.3 (5.6)/60.9 (7.1) | |
| Yana River Delta (W) | 13 | 6 | 0.6410 (0.1498) | 0.0048 (0.0033) | −2.11 | −1.59 | 15 | 4.25 (2.25) | 3.43 | 58.0 (4.6)/63.2 (6.0) | |||
| Magadan (T) | 5 | 4 | 0.9000 (0.1610) | 0.0109 (0.0077) | −0.86 | 0.05 | 5 | 3.38 (1.69) | 3.38 | 60.0 (7.8)/58.1(8.6) | |||
| Kolyma River Delta (R) | 22 | 18 | 0.9827 (0.0183) | 0.0159 (0.0088) | −0.02 | −9.62 | 23 | 5.25 (3.01) | 3.66 | 64.7 (3.5)/64.8(5.2) | |||
| Anadyr Lowlands (Q) | 25 | 13 | 0.9233 (0.0300) | 0.0193 (0.0104) | 1.35 | −1.18 | 34 | 5.38 (3.20) | 3.40 | 52.6 (3.0)/59.3(7.2) | |||
| NW | Midcontinent | Alaska | Selawik NWR (G) | 36 | 25 | 0.9698 (0.0157) | 0.0205 (0.0109) | −0.12 | −10.99 | 40 | 5.25 (3.01) | 3.47 | 61.9 (2.7)/61.6 (6.1) |
| Koyukuk NWR (E) | 49 | 14 | 0.8189 (0.0406) | 0.0182 (0.0097) | 0.52 | 0.36 | 39 | 5.63 (2.92) | 3.58 | 66.8 (2.7)/63.4 (5.8) | |||
| Kanuti NWR (D) | 25 | 13 | 0.8667 (0.0607) | 0.0213 (0.0114) | 0.86 | −0.91 | 30 | 5.38 (2.20) | 3.68 | 62.8 (3.1)/63.3 (7.0) | |||
| Point Lay (H) | 26 | 4 | 0.4431 (0.1039) | 0.0014 (0.0014) | −0.03 | −1.25 | 31 | 4.75 (2.49) | 3.49 | 63.9 (3.1)/62.7 (6.4) | |||
| North Slope (F) | 31 | 13 | 0.8860 (0.0391) | 0.0141 (0.0078) | −0.31 | −1.46 | 64 | 6.13 (3.98) | 3.60 | 60.9 (2.2)/62.1(6.1) | |||
| Canada | Old Crow, Yukon (O) | 22 | 12 | 0.8658 (0.0652) | 0.0186 (0.0102) | 0.39 | −1.09 | 28 | 5.00 (2.45) | 3.48 | 59.8 (3.3)/61.7 (7.0) | ||
| Anderson River (I) | 23 | 13 | 0.9091 (0.0423) | 0.0170 (0.0094) | −0.07 | −2.14 | 25 | 5.25 (2.82) | 3.73 | 60.5 (3.5)/65.6 (5.4) | |||
| Mackenzie River, NWT (J) | 15 | 8 | 0.8667 (0.0673) | 0.0150 (0.0086) | 0.47 | −0.09 | 17 | 4.88 (2.42) | 3.45 | 57.4 (4.2)/62.3(5.2) | |||
| Kent Peninsula (K) | 20 | 8 | 0.7421 (0.0961) | 0.0089 (0.0053) | −1.19 | −0.77 | 23 | 4.75 (2.31) | 3.49 | 61.4 (3.6)/62.2 (6.4) | |||
| Victoria Island (L) | 28 | 15 | 0.8836 (0.0496) | 0.0180 (0.0098) | 1.71 | −2.64 | 34 | 5.38 (3.07) | 3.33 | 57.7 (3.0)/58.6 (7.9) | |||
| Queen Maud Gulf (M) | 24 | 14 | 0.9493 (0.0243) | 0.0134 (0.0076) | 0.09 | −4.06 | 34 | 5.38 (3.20) | 3.56 | 58.8 (3.0)/61.1(7.0) | |||
| Rasmussen Basin (N) | 24 | 11 | 0.9130 (0.0308) | 0.0132 (0.0074) | 0.02 | −1.32 | 29 | 5.25 (3.24) | 3.27 | 56.5 (3.3)/57.8 (6.3) | |||
| Pacific | Alaska | Yukon‐Kuskokwim Delta (C) | 27 | 17 | 0.9573 (0.0210) | 0.0217 (0.0116) | 0.85 | −3.42 | 36 | 5.50 (3.51) | 3.62 | 58.3 (2.9)/59.8 (8.3) | |
| Bristol Bay (A) | 19 | 8 | 0.8304 (0.0657) | 0.0109 (0.0064) | 0.02 | −0.30 | 20 | 4.50 (2.88) | 3.38 | 57.6 (4.0)/59.4(7.0) | |||
| Cook Inlet (B) | 40 | 12 | 0.7679 (0.0600) | 0.0094 (0.0054) | −0.58 | −1.61 | 61 | 5.00 (2.33) | 3.28 | 60.1 (2.2)/60.0(5.7) | |||
a n = sample size, H = number of haplotypes, dh = haplotype diversity, π = nucleotide diversity, D = Tajima's D (significant values in bold), F = Fu's F S (significant values in bold), A = average number of alleles per locus, AR = allelic richness based on sample size of 5, Ho = percent observed heterozygosity, and He = percent expected heterozygosity. bLand masses are defined as Old World (OW, Eurasia) and New World (NW, North America). Greenland breeding population is included in Old World because this population winters in Europe. cEastern and western Palearctic designations follow Mooij & Zöckler, 2000;. dMap code refers to Figure 1.