Table 1.
Prevalence of comorbid BPD in individuals with SUD
| Reference | Sample | Diagnostic Instrument | N with SUD | % female | Mean Age (SD) | N with BPD (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anestis, Gratz, Bagge, & Tull, 2012 [40] | Inpatient - C | SCID-I/P; DIPD-IV | 176 | 35.8 | 36.12 (10.33) | 53 (30.1) |
| Bardeen et al., 2014 [41] | Inpatient (cocaine dependence) - C | DIPD-IV | 58 | 45 | 44.5 (6.6) | 22 (38.0) |
| Bornovalova et al., 2008 [42] | Inpatient - C | SCID | 76 | 32.9 | 42.2 (8.2) | 24 (31.6) |
| Bottlender, Preuss, & Soyka, 2006 [43] | Inpatient (alcohol dependence) - C | SCID-II | 237 | 18.1 | 42.0 (−-) | 42 (17.9) |
| Dixon-Gordon, Tull, & Gratz, 2014 [44] | Residential SUD - C | SCID-I; DIPD-IV | 246 | 36.2 | 35.6 (10.1) | 83 (33.7) |
| Dunsieth et al., 2004 [45] | Residential (sex offenders without paraphilias) - C | SCID | 26 | 0.0 | 39.0 (6.1) | 4 (15.4) |
| Gonzalez, 2014 [46] | Inpatient Detoxification Unit - C | PAS | 53 | 45.3 | 38.66 (8.45) | 11 (21) |
| Gratz & Tull, 2010 [47] | Inpatient (cocaine dependence) - C | SCID-IV; DIPD-IV | 61 | 46.0 | 44.45 (7.05) | 24 (39) |
| Kopetz et al., 2014 [48] | Residential SUD - C | SCID-I; SCID-II | 211 | 32 | 45 (7.05) | 58 (27.49) |
| Krieger et al., 2016 [49] | Inpatient - C | SCID-I; SCID-II | 101 | 30.7 | 40.3 (12.6) | 12 (11.9) |
| Modestin et al., 2001 [50] | Inpatient (opioid dependence) - C | SCID-II | 100 | 0.0 | 29.7 (−-) | 51 (51.0) |
| Preuss et al., 2001 [51] | Inpatient (alcohol dependence) - C | SCID | 135 | 20.7 | 41.8 (8.8) | 23 (17.0) |
| Ross et al., 2003 [52] | Inpatient - C | SCID | 100 | 19.0 | 37.1 (9.3) | 39 (39.0) |
| Tull, Gratz, & Weiss, 2011 [53] | Inpatient - C | DIPD-IV; SCID-I/P | 94 | 44.7 | 36.0 (10.07) | 31 (33.0) |
| Vergara-Moragues, González-Saiz, Lozano, & García, 2013 [54] | Inpatient (cocaine dependence) - C | PRISM | 218 | 8.7 | – | 30 (13.8) |
| Webber et al., 2015 [55] | Inpatient - C | SCID-II | 235 | 53 | 30.06 (8.41) | 120 (51.3) |
| Yang, Liao, Wang, Chawarski, & Hao, 2015 [56] | Inpatient (heroin dependence) - C | SCID-I; SCID-II | 1002 | 30.04 | 33 (6.8) | 226 (22.6) |
| Zikos, Gill, & Charney, 2010 [57] | Inpatient (AUDs) - C | SCID-I; SCID-II | 138 | 33.0 | 44 (9.7) | 19 (13.0) |
| Ball, 2007 [58]; Ball & Cecero, 2001 [59] | Outpatient (opioid dependence) – C | SCID-II | 78 | 54.0 (of those with PDs) | 37.4 (5.9) | 23 (29.5) |
| Barral et al., 2017 [60] | Outpatient - C | SCID-I; SCID-II | 937 | 23.5 | 37.83 (10.05) | 128 (13.7) |
| Becker, Añez, Paris, & Grilo, 2010 [61] | Outpatient (AUD-L) - L | S-DIPD-IV | 130 | 31.0 | 37.4 (10.5) | 39 (30.0) - C |
| Casadio et al., 2014 [62] | Outpatient - C | SCID-II | 320 | 26.3 | 40.9 (10.8) | 48 (15) |
| Dammann et al., 2017 [63] | Outpatient (opioid dependence) - C | SCID-II | 26 | 34.6 | 41 (6.8) | 3 (11.5) |
| DeMarce, Lash, Parker, Burke, & Brambow, 2013 [64] | Outpatient - C | SCID-I; SCID-II | 183 | 0.04 | 50.1 (8.3) | 16 (8.7) |
| Echeburua et al., 2005 [65] | Outpatient (alcohol dependence) - C | SCID-I IPDE |
30 | 0.0 | – | 0 (0.0) |
| Echeburua, et al., 2007 [66] | Outpatient (alcohol dependence) - C | SCID-I; IPDE | 158 | 34.8 | 43.4 (−-) | 8 (5.1) |
| Hunter-Reel, Epstein, McCrady, & Eddie, 2014 [67] | Outpatient (AUD) – C | SCID-II | 102 | 100 | 45.05 (9.19) | 6 (5.88) |
| Kidorf et al., 2015 [68] | Outpatient (opioid dependence) - C | SCID-I; SCID-II | 125 | 53.6 | 39.1 (10.2) | 34 (27.2) |
| Kok, de Haan, Wieske, de Weert, & de Jong, 2017 [69] | Outpatient - C | SIDP-IV | 102 | 19.6 | 40.7 (10.8) | 2 (2) |
| Palmer et al., 2003 [70] | Outpatient (opioid dependence) - C | SCID | 107 | 53.0 | 43.1 (6.6) | 40 (37.4) |
| Ralevski et al., 2007 [71] | Outpatient (alcohol dependence) - C | SCID | 225 | 2.7 | 47.0 (−-) | 68 (30.2) |
| Zimmerman et al., 2005 [72] | Outpatient (MIDAS) - C | SCID-I; SIDP-IV | 85 | – | – | 15 (17.6) |
| Chapman & Cellucci, 2007 [73] | Incarcerated - C | TAAD; SCID-II | 58 with Alcohol Dependence 73 with Drug Dependence |
100 | – | 14 (24.1) of those with alcohol dependence 21 (28.8) of those with drug dependence |
| Grella et al., 2008 [74] | Incarcerated (prison-based substance abuse treatment program) - C | SCID-II | 280 | 35.0 | 34.8 (−-) | 37 (13.2) |
| Mir et al., 2015 [75] | Incarcerated - C | MINI; SCID-II | 93 | 100 | – | 16 (17) |
| Fenton et al., 2011 [76] | Community (NESARC) - C | AUDADIS-IV | 613 | 32.5 | – | 138 (22.49) of those with drug dependence |
| Whitbeck, Armenta, & Welch-Lazoritz, 2015 [77] | Homeless community - C | CIDI; DIPD-IV | 47 | 100 | 38.9 (10.22) | 25 (53.19) |
| Comin et al., 2016 [78] | Outpatient + Inpatient Detoxification Unit (cocaine dependence) - C | PRISM | 143 | 18.18 | 34.28 (8.01) | 34 (23.8) |
| Daigre et al., 2015 [79] | Clinicala - C | EuropASI; SCID-II | 512 | 24.1 | 38.8 (10.1) | 66 (12.9) |
| Hasin et al., 2006 [80] | Inpatient & outpatient - L | PRISM-IV | 285 | 46.0 | 36.3 (8.8) | 56 (19.5) - L |
| Malik, Chand, Marimuthu, & Suman, 2017 [81] | Inpatient & outpatient (AUD) - C | MINI; SCID-II | 35 | 100 | 38.51 (7.42) | 6 (17) |
| Ross et al., 2005 [82] | Outpatient, residential, community (heroin dependence) - C | CIDI | 825 | 35.0 | 29.5 (7.8) | 388 (47.0) |
| Rubio et al., 2007 [83] | Inpatient & outpatient (alcohol dependence) - C | SCID | 247 | 0.0 | 40.3 (−-) | 29 (11.7) |
| Torrens et al., 2004 [84] | Inpatient & outpatient - C | SCID | 105 | 31.0 | 33.3 (7.7) | 7 (6.7) |
| Torrens et al., 2004 [84] | Inpatient & outpatient - C | PRISM-IV | 105 | 31.0 | 33.3 (7.7) | 12 (11.4) |
| Wapp et al., 2015 [85] | Inpatient & outpatient - C | SCID-II; MINI | 1205 | 47.1 | 35.6 (9.9) | 172 (14.3) |
NR denotes studies in which the raw count of individuals with BPD was not provided
C Current diagnoses were reported. L Lifetime diagnoses were reported
AUDADIS Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule, CIDI Composite International Diagnostic Interview, DIPD Diagnostic Interview for DSM-IV Personality Disorders, EuropASI European Addiction Severity Index, IPDE International Personality Disorder Examination, MINI Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview, PAS Personality Assessment Schedule, PRISM Psychiatric Research Interview for Substance and Mental Disorders, SCID Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Disorders, SIDP-IV Structured Interview for DSM-IV Personality, TAAD Triage Assessment for Addictive Disorders
aDid not specify if the sample was inpatient or outpatient