Table 6.

Economical value of plants

Scientific name	Local name	Family	Part exported	Traditional use	Price/kg	Commercial status/exported to	Refs.
Acacia nilotica	Kikar	Apocynaceae	Flowers	Asthma	40	Increased	[214]
Achyranthes aspera Linn.	Puthkanda	Amaranthaceae	Rhizome/fruit	Pneumonia and asthma	–	Increased	[55]
Aconitum chasmanthum	Baroboma	Ranunculaceae	Roots	Cough, and asthma	25	Increased	[215]
Aconitum heterophyllum	Shaowboma	Ranunculaceae	Roots	Cough, asthma	400	Increased	[82, 215 ]
Aconitum violaceum	Bezhumolo	Ranunculaceae	Rhizome	Asthma, cough	250	Persistent	[55, 82]
Adhatoda vasica	Bansa	Capparidaceae	Leaves	Cough, bronchitis, asthma	5	Persistent	[215]
Adiantum capillus-veneris	Hansraal	Liliaceae	Whole plant	Coughs, bronchitis	250	Increased/Germany, Scotland, Iran and India	[82, 215 ]
Adiantum incisum Forssk	Pershoofa	Liliaceae	Fronds	Cough and cold	–	Increased/Germany, Scotland, Iran and India	[55]
Adiantum venustum	Sumbal	Liliaceae	Whole plant	Cough	5	Increased	[82]
Allium sativum	Thoom	Euphorbiaceae	Bulbs/leaves	Respiratory tract infection		Increased	[55]
Ammi visnaga	Chalveray	Amaranthaceae	Fruit	Bronchial asthma, breathing problems	40	Increased	[82]
Artemisia vulgaris	Baniru	Asclepiadaceae	Leaves/shoot, root	Asthma	12	Increased	[49, 55]
Atropa acuminataroyle	Lubbhar	Ranunculaceae	Whole plant	Cold, flu	12	Increased	[215]
Berberis lyceum	Kashmal	Papilionaceae	Wood roots	Cough	25	Increased	[82, 215 ]
Bergenia ciliate	Shaphus	Apiaceae	Leaves, rhizome, roots	Coughs and colds, asthma	300	Increased/China	[55]
Bistorta amplexicaulis	Saag	Polygonaceae	Rhizome	Flu	300	Persistent/Europe and India	[55, 82]
Bunium persicum	Zeera	Apiaceae	Fruit	Cold, cough	1000	Increased	[40, 55]
Calotropis procera	Akk	Asclepiadaceae	Roots, flowers	Cough	1000	Increased	[214]
Cannabis sativa	Bung	Cannabiaceae	Whole plant	Cough	10	Increased	[70]
Capsicum annum	Subzmirch	Asteraceae	Fruits	Bronchitis	–	Increased	[55]
Carum carvi	Sounjmik	Asteraceae	Seeds	Bronchitis, cough	160–180	Increased	[134]
Carum copticum	Ajwaindesi	Violaceae	Seed	Whooping, cough	15	Increased	[215]
Cassia fistula	Amaltas	Moraceae	Poods	Cough and flue	15	Increased	[215]
Cicer arietinum	Cholay	Myrtaceae	Fruit	Flu	40	Increased	[214]
Cichorium intybus	Qarali	Asteraceae	Leaves	Asthma and breathing problems	13	Increased	[49, 82]
Citrullus colocynthis	Bitter apple	Cucurbitaceae	Fruit	Bronchial asthma	50	Increased	[214, 215]
Colchicum luteum	Suranjaan-e-talkh	Colchicaceae	Coms	Bronchial diseases	500	Increased/Germany, South Africa, France and Bulgaria	[40, 215]
Coriandrum sativum	Dhaniya	Brassicaceae	Leaves/fruit	Respiratory tract infection	25	Increased	[55, 82]
Diospyros lotus	Amlok	Punicaceae	Fruits/leaves	Cough	300	Increased	[40]
Ephedra gerardiana	Soom	Ephedraceae	Fruit/leaves	Asthma/breathing problem	–	Increased	[55]
Ephedra intermedia	Somani	Ephedraceae	Bark/leaves	Asthma and tuberculosis	8	Increased	[82]
Eucalyptus globulus	Safaida	Moraceae	Bark/leaves	Flue	110	Increased	[214]
Foeniculum vulgare	Sonf	Papilionaceae	Leaves/seeds	Cough, pneumonia	20	Increased	[55, 214]
Fumaria indica	Pithpapadah	Fumariaceae	Shoot	Cough	–	Increased	[55]
Hyoscyamus niger	Khoobkalan	Zygophyllaceae	Seeds	Asthma, whooping cough	20	Increased	[215]
Juglans regia	Akhrot	Euphorbiaceae	Bark/fruit	Asthma	30	Increased	[55, 82]
Mentha longifolia	Jangli Podina	Labiateae	Whole plant	Cough	–	Increased	[55]
Origanum vulgare	Ganeyar	Violaceae	Root	Colds, flu, asthma	7	Increased	[82]
Peganum harmala	Harmal	Solanaceae	Seeds, leaves	Asthma	50	Increased	[214]
Pistacia integerrima	Kangar	Rosaceae	Leaves	Cough, asthma	–	Increased	[55]
Plantago lanceolata	Smanharswa	Plantaginaceae	Leaves/seeds	Cough and chest diseases	–	Increased	[55]
Punica granatum	Anar	Punicaceae	Fruit/bark/leaves	Cough	–	Increased	[55]
Portulaca oleracea	–	Asteraceae	Seeds/leaves	Asthma	–	Increased	[55]
Rheum australe	Chontal	Polygonaceae	Rhizome/leaves	Cough	10	Increased	[55, 82]
Salvia moorcroftiana	Gadakan	Malvaceae	Leaves/seeds	Cough	–	Increased	[55]
Sisymbrium irio	Khubkalan	Brassicaceae	Seeds	Cough	50	Increased	[214, 215]
Skimmia laureola	Nyra	Solanaceae	Leaves	Asthma	12	Increased	[82]
Solanum surratense	Kundiyara	Solanaceae	Fruits	Cough, asthma	–	Increased	[55]
Tamarix dioica	Rukh	Acanthaceae	Bark	Cough	100	Increased	[214]
Thymus linearis	Tumburu	Labiateae	Fruits	Cough, asthma	–	Increased	[55]
Trachyspermum ammi	Ajwain	Malvaceae	Fruits	Asthma and colds, cough	550	Increased	[40]
Viola biflora	Lilio	Pteridaceae	Flower	Cold and flu	16	Increased	[55, 82]
Viola canescens	Banafsha	Violaceae	Whole plant	Cough	16	Increased	[55]
Viola serpens	Banafsha	Violaceae	Flowers leave	Lung trouble	100–240	Increased/India, Germany and Scotland	[82, 215 ]
Withania coagulans	Akri	Meliaceae	Fruit	Cough, asthma	5	Increased	[215]
Withania somnifera	Asgand	Zingerberacee	Roots	Flu	35	Increased	[55, 215]
Zizyphus nummularia	–	Solanaceae	Fruit	Bronchitis	30	Increased	[214]
Zizyphus sativa	Mark Hany	Rhamnaceae	Fruit	Bronchitis	30	Increased	[55, 214]