Table 1.

Selected characteristics of REGARDS participants at baseline by quintiles of total calcium and total dairy product intakes^a

	Total Calcium Quintiles				Total Dairy Products Quintiles
	1 (n = 4,284)	3 (n = 4,285)	5 (n = 4,285)	Pb	1 (n = 3,439)	3 (n = 4,256)	5 (n = 4,438)	Pb
Demographics
Age, years	63.8 ± 9.1	64.6 ± 9.6	66.6 ± 9.2	<0.0001	64.4 ± 8.8	64.6 ± 9.2	65.4 ± 9.7	<0.0001
Male, %	44.1	44.1	44.1	1.00	58.4	42.0	41.8	<0.0001
White, %	49.6	66.5	81.6	<0.0001	47.5	68.5	80.8	<0.0001
Region, Stroke Belt,c %	31.1	31.2	32.8	<0.0001	33.7	34.3	33.7	<0.0001
Medical history,d %
Heart disease	17.3	17.2	16.5	0.05	18.8	16.1	17.6	0.0002
Diabetes	23.7	20.3	15.3	<0.0001	20.8	19.1	19.8	0.39
Cancer	7.6	8.6	11.6	<0.0001	9.1	8.0	10.6	<0.0001
College graduate or higher, %	28.5	38.5	44.9	<0.0001	32.2	38.1	40.9	<0.0001
Annual income $35,000+, %	43.0	49.0	50.8	<0.0001	43.1	50.5	48.6	<0.0001
Lifestyle Factors
Current smokers, %	41.7	46.1	49.2	<0.0001	39.1	44.9	48.7	<0.0001
Moderate alcohol consumption (0–14 M, 0–7 F drinks/week), %	30.3	36.0	38.4	<0.0001	33.4	35.9	36.0	<0.0001
Body mass index, kg/m2	30.0 ± 6.5	29.3 ± 6.4	28.1 ± 5.9	<0.0001	29.2 ± 5.9	29.3 ± 6.3	28.8 ± 6.3	<0.0001
Physical activity, ≥ 1 times/week, %	25.8	29.1	35.8	<0.0001	27.2	29.4	33.0	<0.0001
NSAID or aspirin use, %	47.2	51.1	57.8	<0.0001	49.1	53.8	53.9	<0.0001
HRT, % females	49.8	57.7	67.0	<0.0001	22.7	34.8	35.7	<0.0001
Dietary Intakes
Total energy, kcal/day	1,211 ± 401	1,853 ± 682	2,043 ± 779	<0.0001	1,440 ± 629	1,692 ± 679	2,049 ± 753	<0.0001
Total fat, % total energy	37.4 ± 8.5	37.6 ± 7.7	36.3 ± 7.5	<0.0001	37.2 ± 8.7	38.0 ± 7.6	35.9 ± 7.6	<0.0001
Saturated fat, g/day	14.2 ± 6.1	22.8 ± 10.7	24.2 ± 12.1	<0.0001	15.9 ± 8.5	20.6 ± 10.0	25.4 ± 12.3	<0.0001
Dietary fiber, g/day	10.3 ± 4.7	17.0 ± 7.7	20.8 ± 0.1	<0.0001	13.4 ± 7.9	15.9 ± 8.0	19.0 ± 9.4	<0.0001
Total calcium, mg/day	343 ± 90	887 ± 163	1,896 ± 351	<0.0001	602 ± 436	928 ± 480	1,534 ± 570	<0.0001
Dietary calcium	316 ± 90	719 ± 210	999 ± 425	<0.0001	351 ± 174	581 ± 180	1,133 ± 333	<0.0001
Supplemental calcium	27.4 ± 52.5	168 ± 245	897 ± 386	<0.0001	252 ± 398	347 ± 448	401 ± 472	<0.0001
Total vitamin D, IU/day	153 ± 155	332 ± 203	495 ± 224	<0.0001	219 ± 194	297 ± 195	482 ± 245	<0.0001
Total meat, servings/day	1.5 ± 0.8	2.1 ± 1.3	2.2 ± 1.3	<0.0001	1.8 ± 1.2	2.0 ± 1.2	2.1 ± 1.3	<0.0001
Total fruit and vegetable, servings/day	1.9 ± 1.3	3.2 ± 2.1	3.8 ± 2.7	<0.0001	2.4± 2.1	3.0 ± 2.1	3.4 ± 2.4	<0.0001
Total dairy, servings/d	2.3 ± 1.8	8.1 ± 4.8	13.0 ± 8.6	<0.0001	0.9 ± 0.7	5.5 ± 0.9	17.8 ± 5.9	<0.0001
Whole milk, servings/week	0.3 ± 0.8	0.7 ± 2.4	0.9 ± 3.9	<0.0001	0.1 ± 0.2	0.5 ± 1.3	1.6 ± 4.9	<0.0001
Reduced/low-fat milk, servings/week	1.2 ± 2.3	4.6 ± 7.5	6.0 ± 11.7	<0.0001	0.3 ± 0.6	3.0 ± 3.8	8.9 ± 13.8	<0.0001
Skim milk, servings/week	0.1 ± 0.6	1.2 ± 3.3	3.2 ± 6.4	<0.0001	0.03 ± 0.2	0.6 ± 1.4	4.3 ± 7.2	<0.0001

Abbreviations: HRT, hormone replacement therapy; NSAID, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug.

^aContinuous variables are presented as means ± standard deviations; categorical variables are presented as percentages.

^bP values from Chi-square test for categorical variables and analysis of variance for continuous variables.

^cStroke Belt defined as Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Tennessee; otherwise, live in other continental US states.

^dMedical history of heart disease including self-reported myocardial infarction, coronary bypass grafting, cardiac bypass, angioplasty, stenting, or evidence of myocardial infarction via electrocardiogram; self-reported diabetes; history of any type of cancer.