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. 2018 Sep 18;24:48. doi: 10.1186/s10020-018-0049-y

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 2 — H19 and ADIPOQ mRNA is significantly differentially expressed between two sides of paravertebral muscle of AIS patients. Paravertebral muscles were obtained during the fusion surgery. Tissue samples were processed for assessment of expression of mRNA of PPAR signaling pathway related genes (SCD, FABP4, ADIPOQ, PLIN1, MSTN) and H19, as described in Materials and Methods. For (a) AIS patients (n = 10), the mRNA of ADIPOQ, FABP4, MSTN genes and H19 showed significantly differential expression in concave/convex muscle tissues. For (b) AIS patients (n = 50), ADIPOQ mRNA and H19 are still significantly differentially expressed between two sides of muscle tissues. For (c) age-matched CS group (n = 25), ADIPOQ mRNA or H19 expression showed no significant difference between convex and concave sided muscle tissue. For (d) age-matched non-AIS group (n = 16), ADIPOQ mRNA or H19 expression showed no significant difference between right and left sided muscle tissue. Results are expressed as mean ± SEM, and the relative expression of the studied genes are represented as fold change related to the convex side