Table 2.
Nanomedicine approved by FDA classified by type of carrier/material used in preparation of the formulation
| Commercial name (company) | Ingredient active | Carrier | Application | Advantage | Year approved |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Doxil®/Caelyx™ (Janssen) | Doxorubicin | Liposomes | Karposi’s sarcoma; Ovarian cancer; multiple myeloma | Increase site-specific delivery (tumor) and decrease systemic toxicity | 1995; 2005; 2008 |
| Abelcet® (Sigma-tau) | Amphotericin B lipid complex | Liposomes | Fungal infection | Decrease toxicity | 1995 |
| DaunoXome® (Galen) | Daunorubicin | Liposomes | Karposi’s sarcoma | Increase site-specific delivery (tumor) and decrease toxicity | 1996 |
| DepoCyt© (Sigma-Tau) | Cytarabine | Liposomes | Lymphomatous meningitis | Increase site-specific delivery (tumor) and decrease toxicity | 1996 |
| AmBisome® (Gilead Sciences) | Amphotericin B | Liposomes | Fungal and/or protozoal infections | Reduced nephrotoxicity | 1997 |
| Curosurf®/Poractant alpha (Chiesei farmaceutici) | Proteins SP-B and SP-C | Liposomes | Lung activator for stress disorder; pulmonary surfactant for respiratory distress syndrome | Decrease toxicity and increased delivery for smaller volume; | 1999 |
| Visudyne® (Bausch and Lomb) | Verteporfin | Liposomes | Ocular histoplasmosis, myopia, decreased vision | Increase site-specific delivery (lesion vessels) photosensitive release | 2000 |
| DepoDur® (Pacira Pharmaceuticals) | Morphine sulfate | Liposomes | Prolonged release | Loss of pain (post-operative) | 2004 |
| Marqibo® (Onco TCS) | Vincristine | Liposomes | Acute lymphoblastic leukemia | Increase site-specific delivery (tumor) and decrease toxicity | 2012 |
| Onivyde® (Merrimack) | Irinotecan | Liposomes | Pancreatic cancer | Increase site-specific delivery (tumor) and decrease toxicity | 2015 |
| Adagen® (Sigma-Tau Pharmaceuticals) | Pegademase bovine | PEGylated adenosine deaminase enzyme | Immunodeficiency disease | Improve circulation time in body and decrease immunogenicity | 1990 |
| Oncaspar® (Enzon Pharmaceuticals) | l-Asparaginase | PEGylated l-asparaginase | Acute lymphoblastic leukemia | Improved protein stability due PEGylation | 1994 |
| Copaxone® (Teva) | Glatopa | l-Glutamate, l-alanine, l-lysine and l-tyrosine random copolymer | Multiple sclerosis | Regulation of clearance and polymer with controlled molecular weight | 1996 |
| Renagel® (Sanofi) | Sevelamer hydrochloride or sevelamer carbonate | Poly(allylamine hydrochloride) | Chronic renal diseases | Increase site-specific delivery and increase in circulation time in body | 2000 |
| PegIntron® (Merck) | Interferon-alpha (IFN-α2b) | PEGylated IFN-α2b protein | Hepatitis C | Improved protein stability due PEGylation | 2001 |
| Pegasys® (Genentech) | Interferon-alpha (IFN-α2a) | PEGylated IFN-α2a protein | Hepatitis B and C | Improved protein stability due PEGylation | 2002 |
| Eligard® (Tolmar) | Leuprolide acetate | Polymer (PLGH (poly(dl-lactide-co glycolide) | Prostate cancer | Prolonged drug delivery and circulation time in body | 2002 |
| Neulasta® (Amgen) | PEG-filgrastim | PEGylated granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF) protein | Neutropenia induced by chemotherapy | Improved protein stability due PEGylation | 2002 |
| Somavert® (Pfizer) | PEG-visomant | PEGylated HGH receptor antagonist | Acromegaly | Improved protein stability due PEGylation | 2003 |
| Macugen® (Bausch & Lomb) | PEG-aptanib | PEGylated anti vascular endothelial growth factor aptamer | Macular degeneration; neovascular age-related (decreased vision) | Improved stability due PEGylation | 2004 |
| Mircera® (Hoffman-La Roche) | Methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta | Chemically synthesized erythropoiesis-stimulating agent | Anemia associated with renal failure due to diseases | Improved stability due PEGylation | 2007 |
| Cimzia® (UCB) | Certolizumab pegol | PEGylated antibody fragment (Certolizumab) | Crohn’s disease; rheumatoid arthritis; psoriatic arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis | Increase stability and circulation time in body | 2008; 2009; 2013; 2013 |
| Krystexxa® (Horizon) | PEG-loticase | PEGylated porcine-like uricase | Chronic gout | Improved protein stability due to PEGylation | 2010 |
| Plegridy® (Biogen) | Interferon-beta (IFN-β1a) | PEGylated IFN-β1a protein | Multiple sclerosis | Improved protein stability due to PEGylation | 2015 |
| ADYNOVATE (Baxalta) | Factor VIII | PEGylated factor VIII | Hemophilia | Improved protein stability due to PEGylation | 2015 |
| Rapamune® (Wyeth Pharmaceuticals) | Sirolimus | Nanocrystals | Immunosuppressant | Increased bioavailability | 2000 |
| Megace ES® (Par Pharmaceuticals) | Megestrol acetate | Nanocrystals | Anti-anorexic | Reduced posology | 2001 |
| Avinza® (Pfizer) | Morphine sulfate | Nanocrystals | Mental stimulant | Prolonged release and increased bioavailability | 2002/2015 |
| Ritalin LA® (Novartis) | Methylphenidate HCl | Nanocrystals | Mental stimulant | Increased drug loading and bioavailability | 2002 |
| Zanaflex® (Acorda) | Tizanidine HCl | Nanocrystals | Muscle relaxant | Increased bioavailability and decreased posology | 2002 |
| Emend® (Merck) | Aprepitant | Nanocrystals | Antiemetic drug | Increased absorption and bioavailability | 2003 |
| Vitoss® (Stryker) | Calcium phosphate | Nanocrystals | Bone substitute | Mimics bone structure by cell adhesion and growth | 2003 |
| OsSatura® (IsoTis Orthobiologics) | Hydroxyapatite | Nanocrystals | Bone substitute | Mimics bone structure by cell adhesion and growth | 2003 |
| Ostim® (Heraseus Kulzer) | Hydroxyapatite | Nanocrystals | Bone substitute | Mimics bone structure by cell adhesion and growth | 2004 |
| Tricor® (Lupin Atlantis) | Fenofibrate | Nanocrystals | Hyperlipidemia | Increased bioavailability | 2004 |
| Focalin XR® (Novartis) | Dexmethylphenidate HCl | Nanocrystals | Mental stimulant | Increased bioavailability | 2005 |
| NanOss® (Rti Surgical) | Hydroxypatite | Nanocrystals | Bone substitute | Mimics bone structure by cell adhesion and growth | 2005 |
| EquivaBone® (Zimmer Biomet) | Hydroxypatite | Nanocrystals | Bone substitute | Mimics bone structure | 2009 |
| Invega® Sustenna® (Janssen Pharms) | Paliperidone palmitate | Nanocrystals | Schizophrenia schizoaffective disorder | Decreased release of poor water-soluble drugs | 2009/2014 |
| Ryanodex® (Eagle Pharmaceuticals) | Dantrolene sodium | Nanocrystals | Malignant hypothermia | Allows higher administration at higher doses | 2014 |
| Estrasorb™ (Novavax) | Estradiol | Micelles | Menopause hormone therapy | Sustained release | 2003 |
| Abraxane® (Celgene) | Paclitaxel (ABI-007) | Albumin-bound paclitaxel nanoparticles | Breast cancer; non-small cell lung cancer and pancreatic cancer | Increase site-specific delivery (tumor) and solubility | 2005;2012;2013 |
| INFeD® (Sanofi Avertis) | Iron | Iron dextran (low MW) | Chronic kidney failure with iron deficiency | Increased dose capacity | 1957 |
| DexIron®/Dexferrum® (Sanofi Avertis) | Iron | Iron dextran (high MW) | Chronic kidney failure with iron deficiency | Increased dose capacity | 1957 |
| Feridex®/Endorem® (AMAG pharmaceuticals) | Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) | SPION coated with dextran | Imaging material | Superparamagnetic character | 1996/2008 |
| Ferrlecit® (Sanofi Avertis) | Sodium ferric | Sodium ferric gluconate | Chronic kidney failure with iron deficiency | Increased dose capacity | 1999 |
| Venofer® (Luitpold Pharmaceuticals) | Iron oxide | Iron sucrose | Chronic kidney failure with iron deficiency | Increased dose capacity | 2000 |
| GastroMARK™; umirem® (AMAG pharmaceuticals) | Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) | SPION coated with silicone | Imaging material | Superparamagnetic character | 2001/2009 |
| Feraheme™ (AMAG pharmaceuticals) | Ferumoxytol-ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanopartilces (SPION) | Ferumoxytol SPION with polyglucose sorbitol carboxymethylether | Chronic kidney failure with iron deficiency | Prolonged steady release and decreased number of doses | 2009 |
| Nanotherm® (MagForce) | Iron oxide | Aminosilane-coated Iron nanoparticles | Brain tumor | Thermotherapy for destroy tumor cells or sensitized for additional therapies | 2010 |