Table 1.
Case literatures of acute pancreatitis induced by hypertriglyceridemia during pregnancy.
| First Author | Year | Age | G/P | Birth | Medication | Other | Mode BW | Indication | Laboratory ∗ | After Treatment ∗∗ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Billion JM [3] | 1991 | 32 | 35 | TPN | ||||||
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| Achard JM [4] | 1991 | Two Lipaphereses |
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| Perrone G [5] | 1996 | 37 | 35 | Diet, Gemfibrozil |
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| İbrahim Bildirici [6] | 2002 | 26 | G2P2 | 24 | Insulin, Plasmapheresis |
C/S | Fetal Distress (750 g) | Serum Amylase: 487 Panc. Amylase: 184 Panc Lipase:786 TG: 2316 |
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| Chee-Chuen Loo [7] | 2002 | 37 | G3P2 | 37 | Ranitidine, Heparin, Insulin |
SVD | Serum Amylase: 956 TG: 2066 | Serum Amylase: 39 TG: 492 | ||
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| J.C. Sleth [8] | 2004 | 28 | G2P1 | 37 | Heparin | C/S | Unstable Condition of the Mother | TG: 2316 Cholesterol: 1000 Panc. Amylase: 574 Panc. Lipase: 1310 |
TG: 100 | |
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| A. Abu Musa [9] | 2006 | 39 | G2P1 | 28 | Plasmapheresis | C/S | A Repeat C/S Delivery | TG: 3810 Panc. Amylase: 525 Panc. Lipase: 3524 |
TG: 591 Panc. Amylase: 79 Panc. Lipase: 396 |
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| Shih-Chang Chuang [10] | 2006 | 28 | G1P0 | 34 | Antibiotics, TPN |
Pancreatic Necrosectomy, Right Hemicolectomy Ileostomy, Cholecystostomy, Gastrostomy, Feeding Jejunostomy |
Unstable Condition of the Mother | TG: 2184 Panc. Amylase: 1365 Panc. Lipase: 533 |
TG: 319 | |
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| Alptekin Gürsoy [11] | 2006 | 24 | G1P0 | 37 | C/S (3230 g) |
Fetal Distress | TG: 10092 Cholesterol: 1159 Panc. Amylase: 367 Panc. Lipase: 797 |
TG: 143 Cholesterol: 274 Panc Amylase: 23 Panc Lipase: 41 |
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| V. Exbrayat [12] | 2007 | 31 | 33 | Plasmapheresis, Heparin | C/S | Fetal Distress | TG: 11300 Cholesterol: 2500 Panc Amylase: 334 Panc Lipase: 168 |
TG: 1000 | ||
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| Luminita S. Crisan [13] - 1 | 2008 | 27 | G2P0 | 35 | TPN, Analgesics, Bowel Rest | ARDS | C/S (2653 g) |
Fetal Distress | ||
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| Luminita S. Crisan [13] - 2 | 2008 | 29 | G3P1 | 30 | TPN, Analgesics, Bowel Rest | Acute Myocardial Infarction | Forceps– Assisted Vaginal Delivery (1854 g) |
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| Luminita S. Crisan [13] - 3 | 2008 | 34 | G3P0 | 33 | TPN, Analgesics, Bowel Rest | ARDS | SVD (2147 g) |
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| Luminita S. Crisan [13] - 4 | 2008 | 23 | G1P0 | 35 | TPN, Analgesics, Bowel Rest | C/S (2498 g) | Low BPP | |||
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| L. Vandenbroucke [14] | 2009 | 34 | 37 | Heparin, A Low-Fat Diet |
C/S (3940 g) | Fetal Distress | TG: 8447 | TG: 240 | ||
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| Dilek Altun [15] - 1 | 2012 | 27 | G1P0 | 5 | Plasmapheresis, Heparin | Termination | TG: 2225 Cholesterol: 470 Panc. Amylase: 959 |
TG: 278 Cholesterol: 181 |
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| Dilek Altun [15] - 2 | 2012 | 24 | G1P0 | 34 | Plasmapheresis, A Low-Fat Diet | C/S (3100 g) | TG: 2699 Cholesterol: 230 Panc. Amylase: 956 Panc. Lipase: 2580 |
TG: 570 Cholesterol: 2500 Panc. Amylase: 208 Panc. Lipase: 208 |
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| Mindaugas Serpytis [16] | 2012 | 31 | G2P0 | 33 | Heparin, Insulin, Plasmapheresis | TG: 1576 | TG:183 | |||
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| Kumar Thulasidass [17] - 1 | 2013 | 37 | G3P0 | 14 | Insulin, Metformin, Fish Oil Therapy |
Termination | TG: 1421 Cholesterol: 481 Serum Amylase: 1464 |
TG: 111 Cholesterol:93 |
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| Kumar Thulasidass [17] - 2 | 2013 | 24 | G1P0 | 8 | ARDS | Spontaneous Abortion | TG: 839 Cholesterol: 300 Serum Amylase: 8962 |
TG: 57 Cholesterol:77 |
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| Rafet Basar [18] - 1 | 2013 | 32 | G3P0 | 37 | Heparin, Fatty Acids, DF |
C/S | Elective | TG: 1400 | TG: 380 | |
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| Rafet Basar [18] - 2 | 30 | G2P1 | 36 | Heparin, Fatty Acids, DF, Plasmapheresis |
C/S | Elective | TG: 12000 | TG: 758 | ||
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| Ying Hang [19] | 2013 | 31 | G2P0 | 27 | Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation (NPPV), Drainage of Chylous Ascites, Peritoneal Lavage, ARDS |
C/S (1180 g) |
Fetal Distress | TG: 523 Cholesterol:325 Panc. Amylase: 178 |
TG: Normal Cholesterol: Normal |
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| Bahiyah Abdullah [20] | 2014 | 25 | G4P3 | 8 | Diagnostic Laparoscopy, Acute Hemorrhagic Pancreatitis |
Spontaneous Abortion | Serum Amylase: 1273 | Serum Amylase: 147 | ||
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| Tejal Amin [21] | 2014 | 40 | G5P4 | 18 | Insulin | IUMF | TG: 836 Cholesterol: 300 |
TG: 90 | ||
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| Natasha Gupta [22] | 2014 | 32 | G5P4 | 38 | Plasmapheresis | Preeclampsia, Pleural Effusion, Chronic Pericarditis, Retinal Detachment |
C/S | Unstable Condition of the Mother | TG: 12.570 Cholesterol: 1067 Panc. Amylase: 1617 Panc. Lipase: 1330 |
TG: 295 Cholesterol: 179 |
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| Fadi Safi [23] | 2014 | 24 | G9P8 | 35 | Plasmapheresis | C/S (1720 gr) |
Unresponsiveness to Treatment | TG: 2661 Cholesterol: 683 Serum Amylase: 802 |
TG: 425 | |
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| Rachel Lim [24] | 2015 | 27 | G1P0 | 33 | Insulin, Plasmapheresis |
Placental Abruption | SVD | TG: 720 Cholesterol: 90 Panc. Lipase: 504 |
TG: 41 | |
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| Ying Liu [24] | 2015 | 30 | G1P0 | 32 | Plasmapheresis | Compound Heterozygosity (Glu242Lys and Leu252VaL) |
C/S | Fetal Distress | TG: 2160 Cholesterol: 670 Panc. Amylase: 132 |
TG: 420 |
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| Funda Gok [25] | 2015 | 37 | 31 | Insulin, DF |
IUMF | SVD | TG: 9742 Cholesterol: 705 Panc. Amylase: 570 Panc. Lipase: 319 |
TG: 556 Panc. Amylase: 107 Panc. Lipase: 77 |
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| Hae Rin Jeon [26] | 2016 | 28 | G1P0 | 23 | IUMF, Pancreatic Cells Necrotized, Diabetic Ketoacidosis, Metabolic Acidosis, Cardiac Arrest, EX |
TG: 10392 Cholesterol: 1006 Panc. Amylase: 1833 Panc. Lipase: 1863 |
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| Ioanna Polypathelli [27] | 2017 | 38 | G2P1 | 30 | Heparin, Fatty Acids, Antibiotics |
C/S | Resistant Exaggerated Thrombocytosis |
TG: 14440 Cholesterol: 1600 Serum Amylase: 540 |
TG: 521 | |
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| Tamanna Chibber [28] | 2017 | 38 | 11 | Cardiac Arrest, EX | TG: >1254 Cholesterol: 648 Panc. Lipase: 1079 |
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BW: birth weight, G: gravida, P: parity, SVD: spontaneous vaginal delivery, BPP: biophysical profile, TPN: total parenteral nutrition, DF: double filtration apheresis, C/S: cesarean section, TG: triglyceride, ARDS: Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome, and IUMF: Intra-Uterine Mort Fetus.
Triglyceride and total cholesterol units are calculated in mg/dL. Other units are converted to mg/dL.
Serum Amylase: normal range is between 30 and 110 (U/L) [11].
Pancreatic Amylase: normal range is between 17 and 115 (U/L) [11].
Pancreatic Lipase: normal range is between 13 and 60 U/L (U/L) [11].
TG: normal range is between 50 and 160 mg/dL (mg/dL) [11].
Cholesterol: normal range is between 130 and 230 (mg/dL) [11].
∗ Highest values.
∗∗ Lowest values.