Fig. 4.

Benfotiamine ameliorated Aβ induced spines density decrease. a Oligomeric Aβ significantly decreased the dendritic spines density of cultured hippocampal neurons in a dose-dependent manner. b Quantification of spine density after Aβ incubation (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001, N = 3 culture preparations, n = 52, 44, 23 and 21 cells numbers). c Benfotiamine (BT) (10 μM) significantly ameliorated the reduction of Aβ (10 nM) induced spines density. d Quantification of spine density after Aβ and BT intervention (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001, N = 3 culture preparations, n = 45, 50, and 44 cells numbers). All the data are expressed as mean ± SEM from three independent experiments. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.001, ***P < 0.0001, one-way ANOVA were used to determine the statistical significance of the differences