Table 2. Absolute Risk of Sudden and/or Arrhythmic Death (SAD) and Competing Modes of Death.
| Clinical Subgroup | Patients in Subgroup, No. (%) | 4-y Incidence SAD (95% CI) | P Valuea | 4-y Incidence Non-SAD (95% CI) | P Valuea |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | |||||
| ≤59 | 1882 (33) | 2.0 (1.4-2.8) | .05 | 2.1 (1.4-2.9) | <.001 |
| 60-69 | 1990 (35) | 1.6 (1.1-2.2) | 5.6 (4.5-6.9) | ||
| >69 | 1889 (33) | 2.9 (2.1-3.8) | 15.2 (13.5-17.1) | ||
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 4391 (76) | 2.2 (1.8-2.7) | .91 | 7.4 (6.6-8.3) | .21 |
| Female | 1370 (24) | 2.0 (1.3-2.9) | 8.7 (7.1-10.6) | ||
| Race/ethnicity | |||||
| White | 5128 (89) | 2.2 (1.8-2.6) | .88 | 7.9 (7.1-8.8) | .31 |
| Other | 633 (11) | 2.2 (1.1-3.8) | 6.2 (4.3-8.5) | ||
| Smoking | |||||
| Never | 1945 (34) | 1.8 (1.2-2.5) | .27 | 6.3 (5.1-7.5) | .05 |
| Ever | 3814 (66) | 2.4 (1.9-2.9) | 8.5 (7.5-9.5) | ||
| Hypertension | |||||
| Yes | 4371 (76) | 2.4 (1.9-2.9) | .04 | 8.5 (7.6-9.5) | <.001 |
| No | 1390 (24) | 1.4 (0.8-2.2) | 5.3 (4.1-6.8) | ||
| History of revascularization | |||||
| Yes | 5328 (92) | 2.2 (1.8-2.6) | .93 | 7.5 (6.7-8.3) | .02 |
| No | 433 (8) | 2.0 (0.9-3.7) | 10.6 (7.7-14.1) | ||
| Family history sudden cardiac death | |||||
| Yes | 1432 (25) | 2.5 (1.7-3.5) | .25 | 8.0 (6.5-9.8) | .79 |
| No | 4329 (75) | 2.0 (1.6-2.5) | 7.6 (6.8-8.5) | ||
| Diabetes mellitus | |||||
| Yes | 1860 (32) | 3.3 (2.5-4.3) | <.001 | 11.4 (9.8-13.1) | <.001 |
| No | 3901 (68) | 1.6 (1.2-2.1) | 6.0 (5.2-6.9) | ||
| Atrial fibrillation | |||||
| Yes | 791 (14) | 3.8 (2.6-5.5) | .003 | 15.7 (13.0-18.7) | <.001 |
| No | 4969 (87) | 1.9 (1.5-2.3) | 6.4 (5.7-7.2) | ||
| Left ventricular ejection fraction, % | |||||
| ≥60 | 1591 (28) | 1.0 (0.5-1.6) | <.001 | 5.2 (4.1-6.6) | <.001 |
| 50-59 | 1997 (35) | 1.6 (1.1-2.3) | 6.4 (5.2-7.7) | ||
| 40-49 | 1756 (30) | 3.2 (2.4-4.2) | 10.1 (8.6-11.7) | ||
| 30-39 | 417 (7) | 4.9 (3.0-7.6) | 14.5 (10.8-18.6) | ||
| New York Heart Association class | |||||
| I | 4597 (80) | 2.0 (1.6-2.5) | .02 | 6.3 (5.5-7.1) | <.001 |
| II | 925 (16) | 2.1 (1.2-3.4) | 12.6 (10.3-15.1) | ||
| III/IV | 223 (4) | 5.1 (2.6-8.9) | 17.8 (12.4-24.0) |
a
The P value reflects the Gray test for equivalence of cumulative incidence functions across specified strata. Competing deaths (non-SAD) include nonsudden, nonarrhythmic cardiovascular deaths, noncardiovascular deaths, and unclassified deaths.