Figure 2. Countrywise Association Between Urban Residence (Exposure) and Psychotic Disorder (Outcome) by Country Income Level.

Associations are estimated with multivariable logistic regression adjusting for age and sex. Estimates for Vietnam and Slovakia could not be obtained because no individuals were found with psychotic disorder in one of the settings (ie, rural or urban). The overall estimate and weights were calculated by random-effects meta-analysis. OR indicates odds ratio; diamond, heterogeneity.