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. 2018 Sep 19;8:14053. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-32373-7

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Dose response tests of repellency (as % of blood-fed) from coconut fatty acids and lauric acid against horn flies (A) and stable flies (B). Different letters on top of bars (same colors) indicate significant differences among three doses tested (ANOVA followed by Scheffe test, P < 0.05). N = 15–26. (C) Percentages of blood-feeding of 48-hr starved stable flies with treatments of starch based formulations with or without coconut fatty acids (CocoFFA). *Indicates significant differences found among time periods after treatments (T-test, P < 0.05); dashed line indicated mean % of blood feeding from controls. (D) Time-course of adult stable flies landing on legs of cattle treated with 6.6 wt.% coconut fatty acids in a starch-based formulation (starch formulation + coconut fatty acids) versus control treatment (starch formulation). *Indicates significant differences found among time periods after treatments (T-test, P < 0.01).