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. 2018 Sep 19;9:3814. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-06362-3

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — Schematic of single-molecule imaging of SmChiA probed by gold nanoparticle. a SmChiA has a flat surface for binding to crystalline chitin and the cleft for threading decrystallized single chain of chitin. b A single AuNP was attached to SmChiA via streptavidin-biotin interaction. Elementary steps were categorised as chemical (substrate-assisted catalysis and product release) or mechanical (decrystallization and chain sliding) step. Length of the reaction product chitobiose (1.04 nm) corresponds to expected step size of SmChiA movement