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. 2018 Sep 19;50(9):123. doi: 10.1038/s12276-018-0149-3

Fig. 3. Spermidine increases the expression of key chondrogenesis markers.

Fig. 3

a Protein expression and (b–d) gene expression (RT-qPCR) of key chondrogenesis markers in isolated chondrocytes from young (21–37 years) and old (62–68 years) human knee joints treated with DMSO control or spermidine (100 nM) (n = 3). e Protein expression and (f–h) gene expression (RT-qPCR) of key chondrogenesis markers in isolated chondrocytes from non-OA control or OA human knee joints. Cells were either treated with DMSO control or spermidine (100 nM) for 2 h (n = 3). All RT-qPCR gene expressions were normalised to the endogenous level of 18s. All data are expressed as mean ± S.E.M of n observations. Students unpaired t-test or ANOVA with Tukeys comparison were used for statistical analysis. p < 0.05, p < 0.01 or p < 0.001 represented in all tables and Figures as *, ** or ***, respectively. NS  non–significant