Table 1.
Differential metabolites from different groups at weeks 6.
| Primary ID | CKD vs. Control |
CKD+PE vs. CKD |
CKD+EA vs. CKD |
CKD+BU vs. CKD |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ESI | Vipa | FCb | t-Testc | FDRd | AUC | FCb | t-Testc | FCb | t-Testc | FCb | t-Testc | |
| 3-Hydroxybutyric acid | + | 2.23 | 0.55 | 9.28E-09 | 6.50E-08 | 0.99 | 1.21 | 1.56E-01 | 1.19 | 2.07E-01 | 1.55 | 1.04E-04 |
| L-valine | + | 2.23 | 1.98 | 1.81E-09 | 3.81E-08 | 1.00 | 0.96 | 5.29E-01 | 1.19 | 6.28E-02 | 1.39 | 2.83E-04 |
| Beta-citryl-L-glutamic acid | + | 2.20 | 0.76 | 1.86E-06 | 3.00E-06 | 0.92 | 0.85 | 3.29E-04 | 0.79 | 2.14E-05 | 0.81 | 6.68E-05 |
| 2-Methylfuran | + | 2.17 | 0.53 | 2.86E-08 | 8.57E-08 | 1.00 | 1.20 | 2.16E-01 | 1.13 | 4.29E-01 | 1.51 | 2.82E-04 |
| PE(16:0/P-16:0) | + | 2.17 | 1.57 | 2.36E-08 | 8.26E-08 | 0.96 | 1.10 | 3.90E-02 | 1.20 | 1.05E-03 | 1.25 | 4.33E-07 |
| LPC(18:1) | + | 2.16 | 11.33 | 7.65E-08 | 1.46E-07 | 0.98 | 0.78 | 2.36E-01 | 0.08 | 4.34E-08 | 0.07 | 2.08E-08 |
| PC(36:5) | + | 2.16 | 1.72 | 1.34E-08 | 7.03E-08 | 1.00 | 1.06 | 3.04E-01 | 1.23 | 2.31E-02 | 1.79 | 1.22E-06 |
| Octacosanoic acid | + | 2.15 | 1.50 | 9.19E-09 | 9.65E-08 | 0.98 | 1.03 | 5.40E-01 | 1.20 | 6.44E-03 | 1.16 | 1.66E-03 |
| Guanosine triphosphate | + | 2.14 | 13.83 | 1.90E-08 | 7.98E-08 | 1.00 | 0.68 | 6.77E-02 | 0.07 | 1.90E-08 | 0.14 | 1.90E-08 |
| 7-Ketocholesterol | + | 2.14 | 4.55 | 3.75E-07 | 6.56E-07 | 0.97 | 1.27 | 2.07E-01 | 0.22 | 6.75E-07 | 0.26 | 4.23E-07 |
| PC(20:2/22:5) | + | 2.11 | 5.28 | 3.62E-08 | 8.45E-08 | 0.97 | 1.27 | 4.10E-02 | 1.28 | 8.44E-02 | 1.47 | 2.92E-04 |
| Docosahexaenoic acid | + | 2.11 | 2.56 | 2.87E-08 | 7.53E-08 | 0.97 | 1.55 | 5.25E-08 | 1.49 | 2.29E-04 | 2.29 | 1.84E-05 |
| 5-Hydroxy-6-methoxyindole glucuronide | + | 2.08 | 0.39 | 5.61E-08 | 1.18E-07 | 0.95 | 1.72 | 5.73E-02 | 1.47 | 2.11E-01 | 1.08 | 7.56E-01 |
| Hexadecenal | + | 2.06 | 0.88 | 3.36E-03 | 4.15E-03 | 0.91 | 0.82 | 5.35E-07 | 0.76 | 2.01E-08 | 0.74 | 1.18E-10 |
| Cervonoyl ethanolamide | + | 2.06 | 2.36 | 2.35E-06 | 3.52E-06 | 0.90 | 1.09 | 3.40E-01 | 1.03 | 7.90E-01 | 1.70 | 2.59E-04 |
| Hexadecanedioic acid | + | 1.55 | 0.57 | 3.08E-04 | 4.32E-04 | 0.85 | 1.80 | 1.31E-02 | 1.52 | 4.79E-02 | 1.68 | 2.50E-02 |
| Kynurenic acid | + | 1.45 | 0.75 | 1.81E-03 | 2.37E-03 | 0.81 | 1.51 | 2.43E-05 | 0.63 | 3.20E-05 | 1.48 | 2.00E-02 |
| Phenylpyruvic acid | + | 1.34 | 0.89 | 1.09E-02 | 1.27E-02 | 0.71 | 1.39 | 1.35E-02 | 1.11 | 1.93E-01 | 1.05 | 4.10E-01 |
| Niacinamide | + | 1.24 | 0.87 | 2.83E-02 | 2.83E-02 | 0.70 | 1.50 | 8.92E-03 | 1.15 | 1.25E-01 | 1.07 | 3.13E-01 |
| Uracil | + | 1.15 | 0.71 | 1.11E-02 | 1.23E-02 | 0.78 | 1.19 | 1.10E-01 | 0.73 | 2.74E-02 | 1.79 | 4.16E-03 |
| Hypotaurine | + | 1.13 | 0.66 | 2.50E-02 | 2.62E-02 | 0.72 | 1.42 | 7.07E-02 | 1.92 | 7.25E-04 | 0.88 | 5.12E-01 |
| Uric acid | + | 1.38 | 1.60 | 1.82E-04 | 2.67E-04 | 0.87 | 1.24 | 6.02E-02 | 2.12 | 2.41E-05 | 3.15 | 7.95E-12 |
| Stearic acid | – | 2.12 | 1.83 | 4.88E-08 | 2.20E-07 | 0.96 | 0.86 | 2.39E-02 | 0.84 | 1.59E-01 | 0.62 | 7.27E-04 |
| MG(18:3) | – | 2.03 | 1.65 | 1.52E-07 | 5.47E-07 | 0.96 | 0.87 | 2.37E-02 | 0.75 | 2.85E-03 | 0.53 | 5.72E-07 |
| Diaminopimelic acid | – | 1.97 | 1.72 | 1.63E-08 | 2.93E-07 | 0.98 | 0.86 | 1.56E-03 | 1.12 | 1.90E-01 | 0.34 | 4.83E-06 |
| Uridine | – | 1.97 | 1.44 | 4.75E-08 | 2.85E-07 | 1.00 | 1.14 | 1.84E-02 | 1.00 | 9.56E-01 | 1.24 | 6.51E-02 |
| 5-Methoxydimethyltryptamine | – | 1.93 | 0.37 | 2.07E-08 | 1.86E-07 | 0.95 | 1.80 | 5.57E-03 | 0.72 | 2.24E-01 | 2.48 | 3.51E-03 |
| Palmitic acid | – | 1.89 | 1.49 | 3.11E-05 | 4.31E-05 | 0.89 | 0.74 | 2.55E-04 | 0.90 | 4.96E-01 | 0.91 | 4.00E-01 |
| Phenyllactic acid | – | 1.89 | 0.73 | 4.02E-06 | 8.04E-06 | 0.92 | 1.10 | 2.25E-01 | 0.73 | 1.61E-04 | 0.91 | 3.23E-01 |
| Adrenic acid | – | 1.83 | 1.89 | 9.10E-05 | 1.09E-04 | 0.84 | 1.21 | 8.82E-02 | 1.11 | 6.33E-01 | 1.43 | 2.98E-02 |
| Glycocholic acid | – | 1.79 | 0.48 | 8.72E-06 | 1.31E-05 | 0.95 | 0.88 | 4.86E-01 | 2.46 | 3.19E-06 | 2.55 | 2.26E-03 |
| Linolenic acid | – | 1.79 | 1.27 | 8.30E-05 | 1.07E-04 | 0.89 | 0.84 | 4.50E-04 | 0.82 | 2.00E-02 | 0.78 | 3.49E-04 |
| MG(20:0) | – | 1.76 | 0.26 | 2.36E-06 | 6.07E-06 | 1.00 | 0.17 | 4.55E-07 | 0.08 | 3.06E-08 | 0.03 | 6.21E-09 |
| Fumaric acid | – | 1.73 | 1.27 | 5.75E-06 | 1.04E-05 | 0.92 | 1.05 | 1.98E-01 | 1.07 | 1.33E-01 | 0.94 | 4.54E-01 |
| Indoleacetaldehyde | – | 1.73 | 0.40 | 1.93E-06 | 5.80E-06 | 0.93 | 1.88 | 8.89E-04 | 0.78 | 4.18E-01 | 2.13 | 2.69E-03 |
| 3-Hydroxyisoheptanoic acid | – | 1.72 | 1.76 | 3.27E-06 | 7.36E-06 | 0.94 | 0.77 | 2.84E-03 | 0.94 | 4.36E-01 | 4.32 | 2.92E-02 |
| Vaccenic acid | – | 1.70 | 1.30 | 6.41E-06 | 1.05E-05 | 0.92 | 1.06 | 2.10E-01 | 1.20 | 3.69E-03 | 0.76 | 9.07E-03 |
| Arachidonic acid | – | 1.63 | 1.52 | 6.97E-04 | 7.84E-04 | 0.84 | 1.14 | 1.65E-01 | 0.91 | 4.25E-01 | 1.20 | 1.14E-01 |
| Docosapentaenoic acid | – | 1.35 | 1.48 | 2.27E-02 | 2.27E-02 | 0.72 | 0.92 | 5.09E-01 | 1.21 | 3.92E-01 | 1.17 | 4.05E-01 |
| Linoleic acid | – | 1.29 | 1.52 | 2.06E-02 | 2.18E-02 | 0.73 | 0.89 | 4.12E-01 | 1.13 | 5.78E-01 | 1.04 | 8.26E-01 |
aVIP was obtained from PLS-DA model with a threshold of 1.0. bFC was obtained by comparing CKD group vs. control group or each group vs. CKD group; FC with a value >1 indicated a relatively higher intensity, whereas a value <1 indicated a relatively lower intensity. cp-Values from Student’s t-test. dValue of FDR was obtained from the adjusted p-value of FDR correction by Benjamini–Hochberg method.