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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: AIDS Behav. 2018 Oct;22(10):3273–3286. doi: 10.1007/s10461-018-2107-4

Table V.

Associations between GBV class and sexual risk behavior

Outcome Class BCH-Weighted Poisson Regressiona
Crude Adjusted
Number of sex partners, past 3 monthsb Median (IQR) Relative Increase (95% CI) P Relative Increase (95% CI) P

Low 2.5 (1–9) reference reference
Sexual 3 (2–9) 1.01 (0.40–2.52) 0.99 1.49 (0.52–4.29) 0.46
Physical/Moderate Emotional 3 (1–20) 3.54 (1.43–8.77) 0.006 5.05 (1.85–13.75) 0.002
Severe 4 (1–15) 3.03 (1.53–6.00) 0.002 3.78 (1.95–7.32) <0.001

Any unprotected sex, past weekc N (%) Prevalence Ratio (95% CI) P Prevalence Ratio (95% CI) P

Low 7 (11.7%) reference reference
Sexual 10 (19.2%) 2.09 (0.54–8.12) 0.29 1.73 (0.45–6.62) 0.42
Physical/Moderate Emotional 17 (27.9%) 3.37 (1.01–11.28) 0.049 2.43 (0.74–8.03) 0.14
Severe 20 (18.2%) 1.89 (0.60–5.97) 0.28 1.62 (0.52–5.04) 0.40

Positive PSA testd N (%) Prevalence Ratio (95% CI) P Prevalence Ratio (95% CI) P

Low 11 (18.3%) reference reference
Sexual 10 (18.2%) 1.08 (0.37–3.12) 0.89 0.67 (0.22–2.00) 0.47
Physical/Moderate Emotional 16 (26.2%) 1.66 (0.68–4.10) 0.27 1.39 (0.52–3.69) 0.51
Severe 19 (17.3%) 0.96 (0.42–2.19) 0.92 0.81 (0.35–1.87) 0.62

Combined outcome: Any unprotected sex by PSA or self-reporte N (%) Prevalence Ratio (95% CI) P Prevalence Ratio (95% CI) P

Low 15 (25%) reference reference
Sexual 19 (36.5%) 1.71 (0.76–3.87) 0.19 1.44 (0.64–3.21) 0.38
Physical/Moderate Emotional 28 (45.9%) 2.31 (1.11–4.81) 0.03 2.01 (1.02–4.33) 0.045
Severe 35 (31.8%) 1.42 (0.71–2.82) 0.32 1.33 (0.69–2.59) 0.39

Abbreviations: IQR interquartile range; CI confidence interval; PSA prostate-specific antigen

a

The BCH-weighted regression accounts for uncertainty in GBV class assignment resulting from the latent class model by creating an expanded dataset with one record for each latent class for each subject and assigning a set of weights based on the classification errors. Regression analyses are conducted using survey data analysis methods with robust standard errors to account for the weights and for multiple records per subject.

b

Model for number of sex partners adjusts for age, nationality, income, household size, charge for sex, years in cohort, age at first sex, occupation, having a current intimate partner, and running out of money to survive in the past 3 months. Excludes 3 observations with missing data.

c

Model for self-reported unprotected sex adjusts for education, years in cohort, and having a current intimate partner. Excludes 1 observation with missing data.

d

Model for PSA adjusts for age, occupation, having a partner who drinks, having a partner who is wealthy, and having an intimate partner. Excludes 1 observation with missing data.

e

Model for combined outcome adjusts for income and charge for sex. Excludes 1 observation for missing data.