Table 4.
Percentages of participants choosing the correct, adjacent, or distant picture when comparing shown food items with the photo series.
| Lay individuals (n = 17) | Nutrition professionals (n = 18) | Total (n = 35) | ||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Correct (%) | Adjacent (%) | Distant (%) | Correct (%) | Adjacent (%) | Distant (%) | Correct (%) | Adjacent (%) | Distant (%) | ||||||||||||||
| 0 | −1 | 1 | Total | < −1 | >1 | Total | 0 | −1 | 1 | Total | < −1 | >1 | Total | 0 | −1 | 1 | Total | < −1 | >1 | Total | p-value | |
| Pasta | 52.9 | 23.5 | 23.5 | 47 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | 0 | 47.2 | 47.2 | 0 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 51.4 | 11.4 | 35.7 | 47.1 | 0 | 1.4 | 1.4 | |
| Rice and vegetable | 61.8 | 0 | 38.2 | 38.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 58.3 | 0 | 41.7 | 41.7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 60 | 0 | 40 | 40 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Baked beans | 79.4 | 11.8 | 8.8 | 20.6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 80.6 | 2.8 | 16.7 | 19.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 80 | 7.1 | 12.9 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Banana, mashed | 32.4 | 67.6 | 0 | 67.6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 83.3 | 11.1 | 5.6 | 16.7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 58.6 | 38.6 | 2.9 | 41.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | < 0.001 |
| Scrambled eggs | 58.8 | 35.3 | 5.9 | 41.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 63.9 | 32.9 | 5.7 | 38.6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 61.4 | 32.9 | 5.7 | 38.60 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Cake | 26.5 | 0 | 61.8 | 61.8 | 0 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 41.7 | 0 | 58.3 | 58.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 34.3 | 0 | 60 | 60 | 0 | 5.7 | 5.7 | |
| Cabbage, grated | 8.8 | 88.2 | 0 | 88.2 | 2.9 | 0 | 2.9 | 0 | 72.2 | 0 | 72.2 | 27.8 | 0 | 27.8 | 4.3 | 80 | 0 | 80 | 15.7 | 0 | 15.7 | 0.005 |
| Banana, whole unpeeled | 52.9 | 0 | 47.1 | 47.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 38.9 | 0 | 58.3 | 58.3 | 0 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 45.7 | 0 | 52.9 | 52.9 | 0 | 1.4 | 1.4 | |
| Soup | 64.7 | 20.6 | 14.7 | 35.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | 50 | 0 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 57.1 | 35.7 | 7.1 | 42.8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Ground biscuit | 41.2 | 38.2 | 20.6 | 58.8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 66.7 | 27.8 | 0 | 27.8 | 5.6 | 0 | 5.6 | 54.3 | 32.9 | 10 | 42.9 | 2.9 | 0 | 2.9 | 0.019 |
| Lettuce | 0 | 0 | 64.7 | 64.7 | 0 | 35.3 | 35.3 | 5.6 | 0 | 75.7 | 75.7 | 0 | 8.3 | 8.3 | 2.9 | 0 | 75.7 | 75.7 | 0 | 21.4 | 21.4 | 0.012 |
| Potato, mashed | 41.2 | 0 | 55.9 | 55.9 | 0 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 66.7 | 25 | 8.3 | 33.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 54.3 | 12.9 | 31.4 | 44.3 | 0 | 1.4 | 1.4 | |
| Grape | 44.1 | 0 | 55.9 | 55.9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 44.4 | 0 | 55.6 | 55.6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 44.3 | 0 | 55.7 | 55.7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| French fries | 50 | 0 | 47.1 | 47.1 | 0 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 47.2 | 0 | 38.9 | 38.9 | 0 | 13.9 | 13.9 | 48.6 | 0 | 42.9 | 42.9 | 0 | 8.6 | 8.6 | |
| Walnuts | 67.6 | 29.4 | 2.9 | 32.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 88.9 | 11.1 | 0 | 11.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 78.6 | 20 | 1.4 | 21.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.03 |
| Cream | 58.8 | 32.4 | 5.9 | 38.3 | 0 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 75 | 8.3 | 16.7 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 67.1 | 20 | 11.4 | 31.4 | 0 | 1.4 | 1.4 | |
| Carrot, grated | 20.6 | 47.1 | 0 | 47.1 | 32.3 | 0 | 32.3 | 5.6 | 47.2 | 0 | 47.2 | 47.2 | 0 | 47.2 | 12.9 | 47.1 | 0 | 47.1 | 40 | 0 | 40 | |
| Ham | 67.6 | 0 | 32.4 | 32.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 63.9 | 0 | 33.3 | 33.3 | 0 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 65.7 | 0 | 32.9 | 32.9 | 0 | 1.4 | 1.4 | |
| Apple | 64.7 | 8.8 | 26.5 | 35.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 44.4 | 2.8 | 52.8 | 55.6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 54.3 | 5.7 | 40 | 45.7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Spinach | 82.4 | 0 | 14.7 | 14.7 | 0 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 83.3 | 0 | 16.7 | 16.7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 82.9 | 0 | 15.7 | 15.7 | 0 | 1.4 | 1.4 | |
Shaded food items are those that were out of the acceptable range.