Fig. 3.

Hepatic inflammation is increased in FF mice (n = 8–10, all groups). A: histological scores for hepatic inflammation decreased from baseline over 2–8 wk and increased over baseline from 16 wk onward. In SC mice (n = 8–10 all groups), scores for hepatic inflammation remained at or below baseline throughout. B: the cytokine Tnfα was increased transiently at 1 wk and persistently beyond 16 wk. The cytokine Spp1 was persistently increased beyond 8 wk. C: the anti-inflammatory cytokine was also significantly increased at 1, 16, and 24 wk. D: gene expression of the chemokines Mcp1 and Mip1β were significantly elevated at 1 wk and for all time points beyond 8 wk. E: representative images of liver tissue sections immunostained for macrophage marker F4/80 indicated increased presence of infiltrates at 1, at 2, and from 8 wk onward. Quantified data from image analysis of sections stained for F4-80 indicated significant upregulated expression at 1 wk, and further at 16, 24, and 36 wk (n = 8–10 per time point). *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001.