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. 2018 Aug 21;8(4):2045894018799738. doi: 10.1177/2045894018799738

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© The Author(s) 2018

Creative Commons Non Commercial CC BY-NC: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).

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Fig. 1. — Nebulization of AAV1.SERCA2a results in homogenous vector distribution and improves survival in a pig model of chronic PH. (a) Study protocol. Baseline functional evaluation followed by gene delivery was conducted 2 months after the PH induction surgery. Animals were followed up to 4 months after gene delivery. (b) Intra-airway delivery of Evans Blue dye using a nebulizer (top) or an intra-tracheal sprayer (bottom) method. Nebulizer delivery resulted in more homogeneous distribution with weak dye staining, whereas sprayer delivery exhibited more focal and concentrated distribution of dye. (c) Pigs treated with nebulized AAV1.SERCA2a had lower PVR index compared to the saline-treated pigs 2 months after treatment. (d) Representative hematoxylin and eosin staining of the lung tissues from sham, saline-treated, and AAV1.SERCA2a-treated animals. AAV1.SERCA2a-treated animals exhibited decreased pulmonary vascular medial thicknesS. (e) PH pigs treated with AAV1.SERCA2a nebulization therapy had better survival compared to those treated with saline. (f) Vector genome copy number relative to the pig genome in the lungs. An average of the lower left and right lung lobes is shown following nebulized delivery (n = 6) or intra-tracheal sprayer administration (n = 6). Error bars indicate ± SEM.