Table 3:

Longitudinal analysis of anthropometric outcomes assessed during study visits from 0.25 to 6 years of age in offspring of mothers with or without diabetes during pregnancy (reference: no diabetes; N: number of observations). Significant associations (p<0.05) are shown in bold font.

Outcomes	Exposure (Maternal diabetes)	Model 1 N=95162		Model 2 N=94330		Model 3 N=92782		Model 4 N=90569
		Estimate (95% CI)	p	Estimate (95% CI)	p	Estimate (95% CI)	p	Estimate (95% CI)	p
Absolute change in SD scores
BMI SDS	O-GDM	0.10 (0.01; 0.19)	0.03	−0.02 (−0.11; 0.07)	0.70	0.03 (−0.06; 0.12)	0.52	−0.003 (−0.09; 0.09)	0.94
	O-T1DM	0.09 (−0.02; 0.20)	0.12	0.06 (−0.05; 0.17)	0.27	0.04 (−0.06; 0.15)	0.42	−0.15 (−0.26; −0.04)	0.006
	O-T2DM	0.46 (0.04; 0.87)	0.03	0.15 (−0.26; 0.56)	0.48	0.19 (−0.22; 0.60)	0.36	0.19 (−0.22; 0.60)	0.37
Height SDS	O-GDM	−0.002 (−0.10; 0.10)	0.97	−0.03 (−0.14; 0.07)	0.53	−0.001 (−0.11; 0.11)	0.98	−0.04 (−0.15; 0.06)	0.40
	O-T1DM	−0.14 (−0.26; −0.01)	0.03	−0.15 (−0.27; −0.02)	0.02	−0.16 (−0.28; −0.03)	0.01	−0.41 (−0.54; −0.29)	<0.001
	O-T2DM	−0.18 (−0.65; 0.29)	0.46	−0.28 (−0.75; 0.20)	0.25	−0.27 (−0.75; 0.20)	0.26	−0.30 (−0.78; 0.17)	0.21
Weight SDS	O-GDM	0.07 (−0.03; 0.17)	0.15	−0.03 (−0.12; 0.07)	0.56	0.02 (−0.07; 0.12)	0.64	−0.02 (−0.12; 0.07)	0.60
	O-T1DM	−0.02 (−0.14; 0.09)	0.72	−0.05 (−0.16; 0.07)	0.44	−0.06 (−0.18; 0.05)	0.28	−0.35 (−0.46; −0.24)	<0.001
	O-T2DM	0.23 (−0.21; 0.67)	0.31	−0.05 (−0.48; 0.39)	0.85	−0.01 (−0.44; 0.42)	0.96	−0.03 (−0.45; 0.39)	0.88
Odds ratios
Overweight	O-GDM	1.29 (0.99; 1.68)	0.06	0.94 (0.72; 1.23)	0.66	1.06 (0.76; 1.30)	0.69	0.98 (0.75; 1.28)	0.89
	O-T1DM	1.27 (0.92; 1.75)	0.14	1.18 (0.86; 1.62)	0.30	1.14 (0.83; 1.57)	0.41	0.69 (0.50; 0.96)	0.03
	O-T2DM	3.84 (1.19; 12.83)	0.03	1.72 (0.54; 5.48)	0.36	1.93 (0.61; 6.11)	0.27	1.95 (0.60; 6.34)	0.27
Obesity	O-GDM	1.47 (1.11; 1.95)	0.01	1.08 (0.81; 1.45)	0.60	1.19 (0.89; 1.61)	0.24	1.14 (0.85; 1.54)	0.38
	O-T1DM	0.99 (0.69; 1.44)	0.97	0.94 (0.65; 1.35)	0.72	0.91 (0.63; 1.31)	0.61	0.62 (0.42; 0.91)	0.01
	O-T2DM	2.53 (0.79; 8.11)	0.12	1.14 (0.35; 3.65)	0.83	1.19 (0.37; 3.85)	0.77	1.39 (0.42; 4.59)	0.59

O-GDM: Offspring of gestational diabetic mothers; O-T1DM: Offspring of type 1 diabetic mothers; O-T2DM: Offspring of type 2 diabetic mothers; BMI: Body mass index; SDS: Standard deviation scores.

Model 1: Adjusted for age, sex, country; Model 2 : Model 1 + maternal pre-pregnancy BMI; Model 3: Model 2 + breastfeeding, maternal smoking and drinking during pregnancy, gestational weight gain, maternal age and education ; Model 4: Model 3 + birth weight