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. 2018 Sep 6;2018:7456461. doi: 10.1155/2018/7456461

Table 3.

Characteristics of overall and specific cardiometabolic risk classifications, using measures of general obesity, ages 12–18, N = 12,268.

CR Predictor Sensitivity Specificity PPV NPV True + False + True − False − Total Accuracy (%) J
Overall all adolescents BMI ≥ 85th percentile 42.78 77.73 82.16 36.17 1511 328 1145 2021 5005 53.07 20.51
CR cutoffs, BMI percentile 51.08 70.67 80.68 37.59 1774 432 1041 1758 5005 56.24 21.75
CR cutoffs, arm-to-height 52.01 70.67 80.96 38.05 1837 432 1041 1695 5005 57.50 22.68
Overall female BMI ≥ 85th percentile 43.88 74.85 76.97 41.05 685 205 610 876 2376 54.50 18.73
CR cutoffs, BMI percentile 27.80 88.22 81.89 38.95 434 96 719 1127 2376 48.53 16.02
CR cutoffs, arm-to-height 30.17 84.05 78.37 38.59 471 130 685 1090 2376 48.65 14.22
Overall male BMI ≥ 85th percentile 41.91 81.31 87.04 31.85 826 123 535 1145 2629 51.77 23.22
CR cutoffs, BMI percentile 67.99 48.94 79.95 33.79 1340 336 322 631 2629 63.22 16.93
CR cutoffs, arm-to-height 69.30 54.1 81.89 37.04 1366 302 356 605 2629 65.50 23.40
TC BMI ≥ 85th percentile 45.33 66.02 39.15 71.46 1646 2558 4969 1985 11158 59.28 11.35
CR cutoffs, BMI percentile 45.47 61.68 36.41 70.10 1651 2884 4643 1980 11158 56.41 7.15
CR cutoffs, arm-to-height 41.86 66.60 37.68 70.37 1520 2514 5013 2111 11158 58.55 8.46
LDL-C BMI ≥ 85th percentile 49.85 66.59 26.69 84.47 505 1387 2764 508 5164 63.30 16.44
CR cutoffs, BMI percentile 49.85 62.25 24.37 83.57 505 1567 2584 508 5164 59.82 12.10
CR cutoffs, arm-to-height 46.69 66.59 25.43 83.66 473 1387 2764 540 5164 62.68 13.28
HDL-C BMI ≥ 85th percentile 55.62 71.54 50.12 75.82 2107 2097 5272 1681 11157 66.14 27.17
CR cutoffs, BMI percentile 59.64 69.13 49.82 76.91 2259 2275 5094 1529 11157 65.90 28.76
CR cutoffs, arm-to-height 54.80 73.43 51.46 75.97 2076 1958 5411 1712 11157 67.11 28.23
TG BMI ≥ 85th percentile 53.16 70.74 45.12 76.95 882 1073 2594 777 5326 65.26 23.90
CR cutoffs, BMI percentile 54.97 66.65 42.72 76.59 912 1223 2444 747 5326 63.01 21.62
CR cutoffs, arm-to-height 50.63 70.55 43.75 75.95 840 1080 2587 819 5326 64.34 21.18
SBP BMI ≥ 85th percentile 58.18 66.48 23.48 89.99 1046 3409 6760 752 11967 65.23 24.65
CR cutoffs, BMI percentile 67.19 64.54 25.09 91.75 1208 3606 6563 590 11967 64.94 31.73
CR cutoffs, arm-to-height 62.24 69.01 26.21 91.18 1119 3151 7018 679 11967 68.00 31.25
DBP BMI ≥ 85th percentile 39.49 62.95 3.53 96.81 156 4266 7247 239 11908 62.17 2.44
CR cutoffs, BMI percentile 43.80 60.04 3.62 96.89 173 4601 6912 222 11908 59.50 3.83
CR cutoffs, arm-to-height 41.77 64.65 3.90 97.00 165 4070 7443 230 11908 63.89 6.42
HbA1C BMI ≥ 85th percentile 51.32 63.22 7.30 95.83 310 3934 6762 294 11300 62.58 14.54
CR cutoffs, BMI percentile 57.45 60.42 7.58 96.18 347 4233 6463 257 11300 60.27 17.87
CR cutoffs, arm-to-height 51.82 64.86 7.69 95.97 313 3759 6937 291 11300 64.16 16.68
FPG BMI ≥ 85th percentile 45.45 65.18 20.54 85.79 405 1567 2933 486 5391 61.92 10.63
CR cutoffs, BMI percentile 56.00 63.31 23.21 87.90 499 1651 2849 392 5391 62.10 19.32
CR cutoffs, arm-to-height 49.16 66.76 22.65 86.90 438 1496 3004 453 5391 63.85 15.91

CR = cardiometabolic risk; TC = total cholesterol; LDL-C = low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C = high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG = triglycerides; SBP = systolic blood pressure; DBP = diastolic blood pressure; HbA1c = glycated hemoglobin; FPG = fasting plasma glucose. Unhealthy level of each CR variable includes both borderline-risk and high-risk levels, defined according to National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Expert Panel Report 2012, American Academy of Pediatrics, and American Diabetes Association. PPV = positive predictive value; NPV = negative predictive value; true + = number of true positives; false + = number of false positives; true − = number of true negatives; false − = number of false negatives; accuracy = percent of (true positives + true negatives); J = sensitivity + specificity − 100 (i.e., Youden's Index). Conventionally, BMI ≥ 85th percentile (overweight) was considered high risk. For CR, BMI ≥ 94th percentile in females and BMI ≥ 64th percentile in males, at a given age, as well as arm-to-height ≥ 0.19 in females and arm-to-height ≥ 0.16 in males, regardless of age, were considered high risk.