Table 2.
Forms of peer review categorised by dimension and attributes
| Dimension | Attribute | Range |
|---|---|---|
| Selection conditions | Timing | a. No review |
| b. Pre-submission (including registered reports) | ||
| c. Pre-publication | ||
| d. Post-publication | ||
| e. Mixed methods | ||
| Selectiveness | a. Merely access review | |
| b. Non-selective review | ||
| c. Selective review | ||
| Identities and access | Type of reviewer | a. Editor-in-chief |
| b. Editorial committee | ||
| c. External reviewers selected by authors | ||
| d. External reviewers selected by editor(s) | ||
| e. Wider community / readers | ||
| f. Commercial review platforms | ||
| Anonymity of authors | a. Author identities are blinded to editor and reviewer | |
| b. Author identities are blinded to reviewer but known to editor | ||
| c. Author identities are known to editor and reviewer | ||
| Anonymity of reviewers | a. Anonymous reviewers | |
| b. Reviewers identities are open to the authors | ||
| c. Reviewers identities are open to the reader | ||
| Availability of review reports | a. Review reports are openly available | |
| b. Review reports are only available to authors, editors and reviewers | ||
| Interaction | a. No interaction between authors/reviewers | |
| b. Reviewers only: interaction among reviewers | ||
| c. Authors and reviewers: interaction between authors and reviewers | ||
| Specialisation in review | Structure | a. Unstructured |
| b. Semi-structured: Reviewers are guided by some open questions or are presented with several criteria for judgement | ||
| c. Structured: Review occurs through mandatory forms or checklists to be filled in by reviewers | ||
| Statistical review | a. Not applicable | |
| b. Incorporated in review | ||
| c. Performed by additional, specialist reviewer | ||
| d. Performed through automatic computer software | ||
| Training | a. No specific guidance or training available to/required from reviewers | |
| b. Guide for reviewers available (either online or on paper) | ||
| c. Training/courses available for/required from reviewers | ||
| d. No specific guidance or training available to/required from reviewers | ||
| Technological tools in review | Technical support | a. Review is performed manually |
| b. Technical assistance in the form of plagiarism check | ||
| c. Technical assistance in statistical review | ||
| d. Technical assistance in image manipulation | ||
| e. Other Technical support (e.g. machine learning techniques to assess consistency and completeness) | ||
| Reader commentary | a. No reader commentary facilitated | |
| b. In channel reader commentary facilitated | ||
| c. Out of channel reader commentary facilitated |