FIG 1.

Induction of expression of multiple equine restriction factors by type I IFN. eMDMs were cultured for 24 h in the presence (+) or absence (−) of equine IFN-α1. (A to E) The transcription levels of equine Mx2 (A), IFITM (B), tetherin (C), Trim5α (D), SAMHD1 (E), and β-actin were quantified using real-time PCR. The numbers of mRNA copies were normalized to those of β-actin. (F to J) Same experimental procedure as for panels A to E, except that cells were treated with equine IFN-β. The data represent the means ± standard errors (SE) from three independent experiments (*, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ns, no significance). P values of <0.05 were considered statistically significant.