Table 3.
Factors associated with self-reported hearing impairment (SHI) - National Health Survey 2013, Brazil
| Variables | Prevalence (95%CI) | PRCrude (95% CI) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 2.56 (2.34–2.79) | – | – |
| Sex | |||
| Female | 2.23 (1.96–2.51) | 1.00 | |
| Male | 2.94 (2.59–3.28) | 1.32 (1.26–1.37) | < 0.001 |
| Age Group | |||
| 18–29 | 0.54 (0.34–0.74) | 1.00 | – |
| 30–59 | 1.74 (1.50–1.98) | 3.23 (2.91–3.58) | < 0.001 |
| 60–64 | 4.49 (3.18–5.79) | 8.33 (7.28–9.53) | < 0.001 |
| 65–74 | 7.07 (5.74–8.40) | 13.13 (11.73–14.70) | < 0.001 |
| ≥ 75 | 14.16 (12.02–16.29) | 26.30 (23.63–29.26) | < 0.001 |
| Color or Race | |||
| White | 2.90 (2.57–3.24) | 1.00 | – |
| Black | 1.66 (1.19–2.12) | 0.57 (0.54–0.60) | < 0.001 |
| Others | 2.38 (2.02–2.74) | 0.82 (0.77–0.87) | < 0.001 |
| Education Levela | |||
| Graduated or higher | 1.38 (0.96–1.80) | 1.00 | |
| Second grade or incomplete undergraduation | 1.39 (1.10–1.67) | 1.01 (0.90–1.13) | 0.868 |
| First grade or incomplete second grade | 2.14 (1.75–2.54) | 1.56 (1.39–1.74) | < 0.001 |
| Incomplete first grade | 6.32 (5.42–7.23) | 4.59 (4.14–5.10) | < 0.001 |
| Smoking Consumption | |||
| No | 2.55 (2.31–2.79) | 1.00 | – |
| Yes | 2.63 (2.11–3.16) | 1.03 (0.98–1.08) | 0.176 |
| Alcohol Consumption | |||
| No | 2.87 (2.56–3.18) | 1.00 | – |
| Yes | 2.11 (1.79–2.44) | 0.74 (0.70–0.78) | < 0.001 |
| Occupational Exposure | |||
| No | 1.12 (0.85–1.39) | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 1.89 (1.53–2.24) | 1.68 (1.55–1.83) | < 0.001 |
| No response | 4.22 (3.78–4.66) | 3.77 (3.51–4.04) | < 0.001 |
amissing (n = 50,103)