FIG 13.

Expression of 12 putative late genes activated by ZEBRA in the presence and absence of BMRF1 in BMRF1 KO cells. Fold change in expression levels in BMRF1 KO of 12 putative late genes following transfection with ZEBRA or ZEBRA plus BMRF1. (A) Fold change in gene expression levels following transfection of ZEBRA relative to the level with ZEBRA plus BMRF1 at 48 h. Bar height indicates the mean of three experiments. Error bars show one standard error of the mean. A marker early gene, BGLF4, is shown in white. A marker late gene, BFRF3, is shown in black. The 12 late genes activated by AP-1(A/S) in BZKO cells are shown in gray. P values were determined using pairwise Student's t tests with Dunnett's correction for multiple comparisons compared to results with the control early gene BGLF4 or control late gene BFRF3. *, P ≤ 0.0332; **, P ≤ 0.0021, ***, P ≤ 0.0002 (all, for results compared to the result with the BGLF4 control); +, P ≤ 0.0332; ++, P ≤ 0.0021; +++, P ≤ 0.0002 (all, for results compared to the result with the BFRF3 control). (B) Western blotting was performed on the same cells used for RT-qPCR probed with indicated antibodies. Blot is representative of three experiments. (C) The fold change in expression levels of viral DNA measured by qPCR relative to the level in the vector control was determined on one representative biological replicate used for RT-qPCR analysis.