Virulence of recombinant pH1N1 viruses containing amino acid changes in NS1 and PA. Groups of 7- to 8-week-old C57BL/6 female mice (n = 5/group) were infected with 100 FFU/mouse (A), 1,000 FFU/mouse (B), or 10,000 FFU/mouse (C) of the recombinant viruses encoding different variants of NS1 and PA proteins (NS1MUT/PAMUT, NS1MUT/PAWT, NS1WT/PAMUT, and NS1WT/PAWT). Weight loss (left) and survival (right) were evaluated daily for 2 weeks.