Table 4.

Perceptions about spatial requirements

	Psychiatrists	Nurses	Patients
Outdoor activities	+ therapeutic / de-escalating effects	+ therapeutic / de-escalating effects	+ therapeutic / de-escalating effects
Increased freedom of movement	+ de-escalating effects − safety risk	+ de-escalating effects	+ de-escalating effects
No visible restraints	+ compromise between perceived freedom and safety	+ compromise between perceived freedom and safety
Small locked divisions		+ intense care for destabilized patients while maintaining an open setting	+ intense care for destabilized patients while maintaining an open setting

+: positive; −: negative