Phylogenetic trees of unique HA segments of human H7N9 in China from 2013 to 2017 and consensus HA sequences (SNP frequency, >50%) of our samples. Approximately maximum-likelihood midpoint-rooted phylogenetic trees with Shimodaira-Hasegawa (SH) values are presented. Purple, reference genome; green, our samples in “sample number_year_outcome” format; blue, viruses in the Pearl River Delta HA lineage; red, viruses in the Yangtze River Delta HA lineage. See Fig. S1 for an expanded form of this tree, in which individual viral taxa are labeled by strain name.