(A) Mean variable importance derived from 100 random forest models predicting local failure (top) and overall survival (bottom) for preoperative (left), conventional (middle) and integrated (right) models. Error bars indicate standard deviation. (B) Decision trees built using MediBoost Tree-Structured Boosting predicting local failure (top) and overall survival (bottom) corresponding to preoperative (left), conventional (middle) and integrated models (right). N indicates number of meningiomas (LF) and number of patients (OS) that fall into each branch and percentage indicates proportion of those with local failure or deceased, respectively. Unlike tradition decision trees, MediBoost chooses splits based on weighted versions of the full sample at each node, making splits more reliable even as tree depth increases. PCF: posterior cranial fossa; 1, Caucasian; 2, Black; 3, Asian; 4, Hispanic; 5, Pacific Islander; 6, Other; not Hispanic/Latino; 7, White; Hispanic/Latino.