Table 2.
General characteristics of participants based on categories of anxiety and depression n (%)
|
Depression |
P value1 |
Anxiety |
P value1 | |||
| Yes (28%) | No (72%) | Yes (13.1%) | No (86.9%) | |||
| Age (yr)2 | 36.3 ± 0.3 | 36.1 ± 0.2 | 0.562 | 35.4 ± 0.2 | 36.3 ± 0.3 | 0.020 |
| BMI (kg/m2)2 | 24.8 ± 0.1 | 24.9 ± 0.1 | 0.712 | 25.0 ± 0.2 | 24.9 ± 0.1 | 0.636 |
| Male | 285 (30.2) | 1082 (46.0) | < 0.0001 | 117 (26.1) | 1251 (43.9) | < 0.0001 |
| Anti-psychotic medicines | 106 (11.2) | 76 (3.2) | < 0.0001 | 70 (15.6) | 113 (4.0) | < 0.0001 |
| Current smokers | 164 (17.4) | 290 (12.3) | < 0.0001 | 84 (18.8) | 370 (13.0) | 0.001 |
| Moderately active and active | 338 (39.7) | 1028 (48.8) | < 0.0001 | 155 (38.5) | 1212 (47.4) | 0.001 |
| Educational level | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | ||||
| < 12 yr | 153 (16.7) | 236 (10.2) | 84 (19.3) | 306 (11.0) | ||
| 12-16 yr | 715 (78.1) | 1876 (81.4) | 337 (77.5) | 2255 (80.9) | ||
| ≥ 16 yr | 48 (5.2) | 194 (8.4) | 14 (3.2) | 228 (8.2) | ||
| Marital status | 0.001 | 0.001 | ||||
| Married | 733 (79.4) | 1901 (82.4) | 361 (83.2) | 2274 (81.3) | ||
| Single | 163 (17.7) | 380 (16.5) | 58 (13.4) | 486 (17.4) | ||
| Other | 27 (2.9) | 26 (1.1) | 15 (3.5) | 38 (1.4) | ||
| FGID3 | 665 (70.5) | 1022 (43.4) | < 0.0001 | 357 (79.7) | 1329 (46.6) | < 0.0001 |
| Water drinking | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | ||||
| < 2 glasses/d | 303 (32.5) | 539 (23.1) | 136 (30.8) | 706 (25.0) | ||
| 2-5 glasses/d | 478 (51.3) | 1246 (53.4) | 244 (55.3) | 1481 (52.4) | ||
| ≥ 5 glasses/d | 151 (16.2) | 548 (23.5) | 61 (13.8) | 639 (22.6) | ||
1
Derived from independent t-test and chi-square test for continuous and categorical variables, respectively;
2
Values are means ± SEs or percent;
3
FGID defined as suffering from at least one of the following gastrointestinal disorders: Gastroesophageal Reflux, dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome and constipation.