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. 2018 Sep 20;8:14143. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-32495-y

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Expression of angiogenesis- and osteogenesis-related proteins and genes in the implants after 8 weeks of implantation. (a) Immunohistochemical staining of VEGF. The brown signals show the presence of VEGF in the cross-sections of the implants. (b) Immunohistochemical staining of OCN. The brown signals show the presence of OCN in the cross-sections of the implants. For (a, b), the photomicrographs in the second and third lines are the magnified ones at peripheral and central regions of the implants. (c–g) Gene expression of human VEGF (c), KDR (d), Col I (e), IBSP (f) and BMP-2 (g) in the implants. Data represent means ± SD, n = 4. Significant difference: *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.