Fig. 1.

The effects of PP242 on cell death in human renal carcinoma Caki cells. a–c Caki cells were treated with 0.25–2 μM PP242 for 36 h. p.c. positive control (10 ng/ml TNF-α and 5 μg/ml cycloheximide). The level of apoptosis was assessed by measuring the sub-G1 fraction using flow cytometry in our study. Immunoblot analysis of PARP and actin (a). Cell viability was analyzed using XTT assay (b). Cell death was determined by stained with 7-AAD and Annexin V (c). d Caki cells were treated with PP242 for 12 h. Immunoblot analysis of phospho (p)-S6K, S6K, p-Akt, Akt and actin. e Caki cells were treated with 0.5 μM PP242 for 6–30 h. Immunoblot analysis of p-mTOR (serine 2448 and serine 2481), mTOR, p-S6K, S6K, p-Akt, Akt, and actin. The data represented in a and b are the means ± s.d. from three independent samples. **p < 0.01 compared to the control