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. 2018 Sep 20;8:14154. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-32488-x

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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(a) FTIR spectra of the initial graphene oxide and GO reduced by using glass wafers. The spectra are vertically offset for clarity. (b) Survey (a) and high-resolution C1s (b) and O1s (c) XPS spectra of the initial GO and obtained rGOs. For clarity, C 1 s and O 1 s spectra and their fits are shown after Shirley background subtraction and vertically offset from the fitting components. The C 1s spectra were fitted by a set of one asymmetric Doniach-Sunjic function (DS) and five symmetric Gaussian−Lorentzian product functions (Gaussian by 70% and Lorentzian by 30%) (GL(30)), while the O 1s spectra were fitted by only the GL(30) functions whose number varied from 3 to 5.