Table 6. Association of clinical parameters with exacerbation (≥2 unscheduled outpatient clinic visits last year).
| Univariate | Multivariate | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Odds ratio (95% CI) | p-value | Odds ratio (95% CI) | p-value | |
| Age | 0.911 (0.948–1.015) | 0.939 | ||
| Female sex | 3.605 (1.773–7.332) | <0.001 | 2.423 (0.929–6.315) | 0.070 |
| Less-smoking group (smoking <10 pack-years) | 2.760 (1.386–5.490) | 0.003 | 1.029 (0.390–2.715) | 0.954 |
| Post-bronchodilator FEV1, % predicted | 0.972 (0.951–0.994) | 0.158 | ||
| Poor inhaler adherence (<75%) | 6.198 (2.029–18.930) | <0.001 | 4.321 (1.746–10.695) | 0.002 |
| ACOS phenotype (asthma phenotype) | 3.151 (1.593–6.234) | 0.001 | 2.433 (1.117–5.302) | 0.025 |
CI: confidence interval; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 second; ACOS: asthma–chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap syndrome.