Table 4. Comparisons between survivor and non-survivor groups in patients using high-flow nasal cannula oxygen delivery.
| Characteristic | Survivor (n=14) | Non-survivor (n=19) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, yr | 65.1±17.0 | 62.9±13.7 | 0.465 |
| Baseline PaO2/FiO2, mm Hg | 163.4±43.6 | 168.1±50.0 | 0.855 |
| Immune suppression | 1 (7.1) | 7 (35.8) | 0.098 |
| Before BAL | |||
| SpO2, % | 95.6±2.8 | 94.2±3.0 | 0.240 |
| FiO2 | 0.46±0.10 | 0.45±0.13 | 0.577 |
| Flow, L/min | 29.3±19.8 | 24.5±21.0 | 0.377 |
| During BAL | |||
| SpO2, % | 93.7±4.5 | 95.3±2.6 | 0.506 |
| FiO2 | 0.75±0.20 | 0.73±0.19 | 0.706 |
| Flow, L/min | 49.8±5.9 | 48.4±8.2 | 0.706 |
| After BAL | |||
| SpO2, % | 94.8±2.5 | 95.6±3.0 | 0.377 |
| FiO2 | 0.53±0.15 | 0.59±0.13 | 0.174 |
| Flow, L/min | 38.4±15.4 | 42.6±13.5 | 0.418 |
| Volume, recovered, mL | 75.9±6.4 | 74.4±6.2 | 0.471 |
| Procedure time, min | 11.9±6.0 | 16.3±7.5 | 0.092 |
| Intubation | 0 (0) | 9 (47.4) | 0.004* |
| Time to intubation, median (range), hr | 0 (0) | 76.0 (26-274) | 0.003† |
| Post-BAL diagnosis | 0.019‡ | ||
| Atypical pneumonia | 3 (21.4) | 11 (57.9) | |
| Bacterial pneumonia | 6 (42.9) | 4 (21.1) | |
| Organizing pneumonia | 4 (28.6) | 0 (0) | |
| Interstitial lung disease | 0 (0) | 2 (10.5) | |
| Alveolar hemorrhage | 0 (0) | 2 (10.5) | |
| Acute eosinophilic pneumonia | 1 (7.1) | 0 (0) |
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation or number (%) unless otherwise indicated.
*p<0.05, Fisher exact test between survivor and non-survivor groups. †p<0.05, Mann-Whitney U test between survivor and non-survivor groups. ‡p<0.05, chi-square test between survivor and non-survivor groups.
PaO2: partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood; FiO2: fraction of inspired oxygen; BAL: bronchoalveolar lavage; SpO2: saturation measured by pulse oximeter.