TABLE 4.
Computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, X ray, and ultrasound as diagnostic aids for putative cases of entomophthoramycosisa
| Procedure | Description (reference[s]) |
||
|---|---|---|---|
| Conidiobolomycosis |
Intestinal basidiobolomycosis | ||
| Face | Disseminated | ||
| CT | Evidence of tumor-like masses in left or right (or both) nasal cavity, with involvement of ethmoidal and/or sphenoidal sinuses (207); soft tissue thickening (126) | Frontal hypodensity suggesting intracerebral abscesses, pansinusitis, periorbital edema, orbital inflammation (172) | Thickening of the intestines with single or multiple tumor-like masses of the colon or rectum; in cases of disseminated infection, similar masses are found in liver, small bowel, gallbladder, pancreas, kidney, and/or peritoneum (192, 203, 210) |
| MRI | Increase in T2 signals of the nose and soft tissues of the upper lips; involvement of the dorsal cavity and infiltration of maxillary sinuses and nasal concha (167) | A study of a case of pericarditis caused by C. incongruus found large pericardial effusion, causing pericardial tamponade; irregular echogenic densities were also found near the left ventricle (35) | Circumferential thickening of cecum and rectum with significant luminal narrowing; retroperitoneal lymphoadenopathies (211) |
| Traditional X ray | Presence of soft tissue and opacities due to nasal and facial swelling, with obstruction of the airway passages of left or right antrum; frontal and maxillary sinusitis; no signs of bone involvement (208) | Generalized cardiac enlargement, bilateral pulmonary infiltration, posterior mediastinal tumor-like masses (40); progressive low infiltration of the lungs that soon evolves to adjacent sections of the affected lungs (35, 42, 50) | Abnormal collection of gas in the descending colon region; upper gastrointestinal thickened folds in the fundus and body of the stomach and the proximal duodenum (212) |
| Ultrasound | Recorded only for the right foot, attributed to C. incongruus (184) | ND | Detection of tumor-like masses in abdomen and pelvis and thickening of the colon and rectum (120); heterogeneous mass around the abdominal aorta (203) |
a
Shown are the most common findings with each of the selected procedures. ND, not determined (no reports).