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. 2018 Sep 20;8:14116. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-32349-7

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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B. divergens merozoites exit the erythrocyte. Time-lapse image sequences of B. divergens parasites stained with MitoTracker (green fluorescent) and erythrocytes stained with PKH26 (red fluorescent). (a) A paired pyriform produces simultaneously depressions (white arrowheads) on two opposite sides of the erythrocyte plasma membrane at 7.5–8.3 s. Then, the two sister cells comprising the paired pyriform exert enough force in opposite directions to detach from each other and the detachment process results in two merozoites (arrowheads) in 8.3 s. Finally, both merozoites are simultaneously released from the opposite sides of the infected erythrocytes in 9 s. (b) An unattached merozoite from a tetrad touches the erythrocyte plasma membrane and is released (arrowhead) in 28 s following by two merozoites (arrowheads) that leave the cell from the same side in 29 s and 32 s, respectively. One merozoite remains within the erythrocyte. (c) Erythrocyte plasma membrane invagination (white arrowheads), causing by a paired pyriform at 7.5 s, facilitates the release of the two merozoites (arrowheads) from opposite sites. The first merozoite is released from the erythrocyte in 8.3 s and the second one in 9.8 s. (d) Two paired pyriforms (double paired pyriforms) simultaneously produces depressions on three different sides (white arrowheads) of the erythrocyte plasma membrane at 11 s. Then, four merozoites (arrowheads) are released from different sides at 14–35 s from the infected erythrocyte. Time-lapse imaging was captured every 0.753 or 1 s. The time-lapsed between each frame is indicated in seconds.