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. 2018 Sep 20;8:14109. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-32472-5

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Diagram to show the putative anthocyanin metabolic process in dark-red and white onion bulbs. (a,b) Mature dark-red and white onion bulbs; (c) The likely anthocyanin metabolic process in dark-red onion bulbs; (d) The likely anthocyanin metabolic process in white onion bulbs; (e) Flavonoid composition obtained by HPLC from dark-red and white onion bulbs. CHS: chalcone synthase; CHI: chalcone isomerase; F3H: flavanone 3-hydroxylase; F3′5′H: Flavonoid 3′,5′-hydroxylase; F3′H: flavonoid 3′-hydroxylase; DFR: dihydroflavonol 4-reductase; DHM: dihydrokaempferol; FLS, flavonol synthase; ANS: Anthocyanidin synthase; UFGT: UDP-flavonoid glucosyltransferase.