Table 1|.
Translation of DSM-5 diagnostic criteria to RDoC domains
| DSM-5 H diagnostic criteria | RDoC domains | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Negative valence systems | Positive valence systems | Cognitive systems | Social processes | Arousal and regulatory systems | |
| Criterion B: intrusions | |||||
| Intrusive memories | Loss | None | Attention, declarative memory, perception, cognitive control and working memory | None | Arousal |
| Distressing dreams | Sustained threat | None | None | None | Arousal and sleep-wakefulness |
| Dissociative reactions | Loss | None | Attention, perception, declarative memory and cognitive control | Perception and understanding of self | None |
| Psychological distress to trauma cues | Potential threat and sustained threat | None | Cognitive control | None | None |
| Marked physiological reactions | Acute threat | None | None | None | Arousal |
| Criterion C: avoidance | |||||
| Avoidance of internal reminders | Acute threat, potential threat and sustained threat | None | Attention and cognitive control | None | None |
| Avoidance of external reminders | Acute threat, potential threat and sustained threat | Approach motivation | Attention and cognitive control | None | None |
| Criterion D: negative cognitions and mood | |||||
| Inability to remember traumatic event |
Loss | None | Attention, declarative memory and cognitive control | None | None |
| Persistent exaggerated negative beliefs | Acute threat, potential threat, sustained threat and loss | None | Attention, declarative memory and cognitive control | Perception and understanding of self and of others | None |
| Distorted cognitions | Loss | None | None | Perception and understanding of self and of others | None |
| Persistent negative emotional state | Acute threat, potential threat and sustained threat | None | Cognitive control | None | None |
| Markedly diminished interest | Loss | Approach motivation, initial responsiveness to reward attainment, sustained and/or longer-term responsiveness to reward attainment and reward learning | None | None | None |
| Feelings of detachment or estrangement | None | None | None | Affiliation and attachment | None |
| Inability to experience positive emotions | Loss | Initial responsiveness to reward attainment and sustained and/or longer-term responsiveness to reward attainment | None | None | None |
| Criterion E: arousal and reactivity | |||||
| Irritable behaviour and angry outbursts | Acute threat, potential threat, sustained threat and frustrative non-reward | None | Cognitive control | None | Arousal |
| Reckless or self-destructive Dehaviour | None | Approach motivation, initial responsiveness to reward attainment, sustained and/or longer-term responsiveness to reward attainment and reward learning | Cognitive control | Perception and understanding of self | None |
| Hypervigilance | Sustained threat | None | Attention and cognitive control | None | Arousal |
| Exaggerated startle response | Acute threat, potential threat and sustained threat | None | None | None | Arousal |
| Problems with concentration | Sustained threat | None | Attention, cognitive control and working memory | None | Arousal |
| Sleep disturbance | None | None | None | None | Arousal and sleep-wakefulness |
| Dissociative symptoms | |||||
| Depersonalization | Acute threat | None | Perception and cognitive control | Perception and understanding of self | None |
| Derealization | Acute threat | None | Perception and cognitive control | Perception and understanding of others | None |
DSM-5, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition; RDoC, Research Domain Criteria, issued by the National Institutes of Mental Health.