Table 1.

Demographic information and performance on standardized tests for monolingual and bilingual children

		Monolinguals		Bilinguals		t-tests
		Mean	SD	Mean	SD
N		41 (20 males)		41 (23 males)
Year 1 Age		9.39	0.98	9.42	1.03	t = −0.13
Year 2 Age		10.40	0.97	10.45	1.04	t = −0.22
Maternal Education1		17.49	2.80	14.12	4.23	t = 4.25*
Nonverbal IQ2		112.23	11.73	108.67	14.04	t = 1.22
Year1 English CELF-43		111.29	11.39	98.07	16.44	t = 4.23*
Age of Acquisition (months)4	Spanish		1.93 7.87
	English		10.24 14.51
Year1 Spanish CELF-45				87.15	13.43
Weekly Exposure to English/Spanish (percentage)6				55.90/44.07	17.28/17.27

Note.

¹Years of maternal education: Used as proxy for SES

²Nonverbal IQ: Perceptual Reasoning subscale on Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children – 4^th edition (Wechsler, 2003)

³English CELF-4: Core Language Standard Score on Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals – 4^th edition (Semel et al., 2003)

⁴Age of Acquisition: Parental report of when child began hearing each language

⁵Spanish CELF-4: Core Language Standard Score on Spanish Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals – 4^th edition (Wiig, Semel, & Secord, 2006)

⁶Weekly Exposure: Parental report of exposure to each language during a typical week

^*p < .01.