(A) Growth of wild-type (closed circle), fakA mutant (open circle), gudB mutant (closed square), and fakA gudB mutant (open square) strains. An asterisk denotes a significant difference (P < 0.05) for the wild type versus the gudB mutant at all points after 4 h, and # identifies difference for the fakA mutant versus the fakA gudB mutant for all time points after 2 h. (B) pH of culture media from panel A. Data are the averages (n = 3) with standard deviations from representative experiments. An asterisk denotes a significant difference (t test, P < 0.05) at all points for gudB mutants versus parent strains. All points have error bars, which may be smaller than symbols.