Table 4.
Lifestyle factors and the risk of depressive symptoms at age 50 years
| Adjusted for sex, depressive symptoms at 45y, & other factorsa | Full adjustmentb | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| OR(95%CI) | OR(95%CI) | Psex-interaction | |
| Alcohol | 0.40 | ||
| Non-drinker | 1.98 (1.52, 2.58) | 1.88 (1.44, 2.46) | |
| Light < 7 units/week | Reference | Reference | |
| Moderate 7–14 units/week | 0.98 (0.80, 1.19) | 1.00 (0.82, 1.22) | |
| Heavy > 14 units/week | 1.23 (1.00, 1.51) | 1.17 (0.95, 1.45) | |
| P | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |
| Smoking | 0.05 | ||
| Never | Reference | Reference | |
| Ex-Smoker | 0.96 (0.80, 1.16) | 0.93 (0.77, 1.13) | |
| Current smoker | 1.51 (1.25, 1.81) | 1.33 (1.09, 1.61) | |
| P | < 0.001 | 0.003 | |
| Physical activity | 0.51 | ||
| 2–3 times/month | Reference | Reference | |
| 1 time/week | 0.79 (0.63, 0.98) | 0.88 (0.71, 1.10) | |
| 2–3 times/week | 0.76 (0.61, 0.94) | 0.88 (0.70, 1.09) | |
| 4–7 times/week | 0.86 (0.71, 1.05) | 0.98 (0.81, 1.20) | |
| P | 0.04 | 0.52 | |
| Sedentary behaviour | 0.09 | ||
| < 3 h/day | Reference | Reference | |
| ≥ 3 h/day | 1.36 (1.16, 1.59) | 1.20 (1.02, 1.41) | |
| P | < 0.001 | 0.05 | |
| Fruit consumption | 0.02 | ||
| < 1 day/week | Reference | Reference | |
| 1–2 days/week | 0.93 (0.73, 1.18) | 0.98 (0.76, 1.25) | |
| ≥ 3 days/week | 0.60 (0.49, 0.73) | 0.67 (0.55, 0.82) | |
| P | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |
| Depressive symptoms at age 45y | 0.36 | ||
| No | Reference | Reference | |
| Yes | 4.43 (3.61, 5.43) | 4.11 (3.34, 5.0) | |
| P | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |
P-value based on Likelihood ratio test
aSociodemographic factors included region, social class at birth and social class at age 42 years
bFull adjustment involved sex, depressive symptoms at age 45 years, sociodemographic factors, general and central obesity, alcohol, smoking, physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and fruit consumptions