Table 1.
Patient baseline characteristics
| Variables | TBI (N = 3097) | ICH (N = 949) | SAH (N = 1875) | AIS (N = 1123) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (median, IQR) | 56 (41–67) | 61 (52–69) | 56 (47–65) | 68 (59–76) | < 0.001 |
| 18–40 years | 750 (24%) | 71 (7%) | 193 (10%) | 42 (4%) | < 0.001 |
| 41–64 years | 1455 (47%) | 509 (54%) | 1201 (64%) | 420 (37%) | |
| ≥ 65 years | 892 (29%) | 369 (39%) | 481 (26%) | 661 (59%) | |
| GCS score, median (IQR) | 9 (5–14) | 8 (4–13) | 12 (5–15) | 12 (8–15) | < 0.001 |
| 3–8 | 1465 (47%) | 497 (52%) | 704 (38%) | 313 (28%) | < 0.001 |
| 9–12 | 598 (20%) | 172 (18%) | 262 (14%) | 253 (22%) | |
| 13–15 | 1034 (33%) | 280 (30%) | 909 (48%) | 557 (50%) | |
| Female | 711 (23%) | 332 (35%) | 1065 (57%) | 443 (39%) | < 0.001 |
| Pre-admission functional statusa | < 0.001 | ||||
| Fit for work or equal | 1896 (61%) | 613 (65%) | 1473 (79%) | 717 (64%) | |
| Unfit for work, but independent in self-care | 967 (31%) | 252 (27%) | 332 (18%) | 275 (24%) | |
| Partially dependent in self-care | 180 (6%) | 61 (6%) | 47 (2%) | 110 (10%) | |
| Totally dependent in self-care | 54 (2%) | 23 (2%) | 23 (1%) | 21 (2%) | |
| Significant chronic comorbidityb | 267 (9%) | 108 (11%) | 154 (8%) | 138 (12%) | < 0.001 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 2070 (67%) | 640 (67%) | 1241 (66%) | 427 (38%) | < 0.001 |
| LOS ICU, days (median, IQR) | 2 (1–4) | 2 (1–3) | 3 (1–6) | 1 (1–2) | < 0.001 |
| LOS hospital, days (median, IQR) | 6 (3–11) | 6 (3–12) | 10 (6–16) | 6 (4–11) | < 0.001 |
| TISS-76 daily averagec (median, IQR) | 27 (21–33) | 26 (20–31) | 28 (24–34) | 19 (14–27) | < 0.001 |
| TISS-76 totalc (median, IQR) | 69 (42–154) | 63 (39–126) | 102 (63–230) | 44 (27–74) | < 0.001 |
| APACHE II score (median, IQR) | 19 (13–25) | 20 (13–26) | 17 (11–24) | 14 (9–22) | < 0.001 |
| SAPS II score (median, IQR) | 35 (24–50) | 40 (25–55) | 29 (20–48) | 29 (23–45) | < 0.001 |
| SOFA scored (median, IQR) | 6 (3–8) | 6 (3–9) | 6 (3–9) | 3 (1–7) | < 0.001 |
Abbreviations: AIS, acute ischemic stroke; APACHE, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation; GCS; Glasgow Coma Scale; ICH, intracerebral hemorrhage; LOS, length of stay; ICU, Intensive Care Unit; SAH, subarachnoid hemorrhage; SAPS, Simplified Acute Physiology Score; SOFA, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; TBI, traumatic brain injury; TISS-76, Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System 76
aA modified World Health Organization/Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group classification system implemented by the Finnish Intensive Care Consortium
bAny chronic comorbidity according to APACHE II or to SAPS II
cMissing for 6 patients
dMissing for 9 patients