Table 2.

Patient Characteristics Associated With Lack of Advance Care Planning^a,^b

Source	Rate of ACPc			Characteristics
		Low Income	Lower Ill-ness Severityt	Low Educaion Level	Nonwhite Raced	Female Sex	Younger Age	Injection Drug Use	Social Isolation
Erlandson et al,11 2012	47%	AD	AD	AD	0	AD	AD	…	AD
de Caprariis et al,16 2013	8%	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…
Mosack et al,17 2015	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…
Barocas et al,18	23% AD	…	AD	…	0	0	AD	0	0
2015
Wenger et al,19 2001	38% AD, 50% EOL	…	AD and EOL	EOL	AD and EOL	EOL	0	AD and EOL	EOL
Curtis et al,20 1999	54% EOL	EOL	0	0	EOL	EOL	0	EOL	…
Mouton et al,21 1997	36% EOL	EOL	EOL	EOL	EOL	0	…	0	0
Hutson,22 2015	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	EOL
Curtis et al,23 1997	…	EOL	EOL	EOL	EOL	EOL	EOL	EOL	0
Karasz et al,24 2003	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…
Curtis et al,25	…	…	EOL	…	…	…	…	…	…
2000
Times reported per times evaluated	…	100%	86%	80%	67%	67%	60%	60%	50%

Abbreviations: ACP, advance care planning; AD, advance directive; EOL, end-of-life communication.

^aZeroes indicate no associations reported.

^bEllipses indicate not evaluated by the study.

^cData show rate of overall ACP when unspecified.

^dBlack or Hispanic race.