Table 4.
Hierarchical linear regression analysis
| Model 1a | Model 2b | Model 3c | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Beta | Beta | Beta | |
| Sleep length(weekend) | |||
| Child’s gender | .134 | .088 | .086 |
| Child’s age | −.074 | −.079 | −.065 |
| Father’s education | −.118 | −.119 | −.116 |
| Mother’s education | −.110 | −.107 | −.121 |
| Annual household income | −.012 | −.007 | −.007 |
| ADHD | −.080 | −.076 | |
| Screen behaviors in bedtime (Screen) | −.038 | −.050 | |
| Diet behaviors in bedtime | .003 | .044 | |
| Anxiety/Depression | .195** | .097 | |
| Screen × ADHD | −.111* | ||
| Diet × ADHD | −.027 | ||
| Anxiety/Depression × ADHD | .236*** | ||
| R2(F) | .029 (3.7**) | .047 (3.4***) | .094 (5.3***) |
| Sleep problems (total) | |||
| Child’s gender | −.029 | 1.260 | 1.267* |
| Child’s age | −.358 | .096 | .102 |
| Father’s education | −.127 | .108 | .113 |
| Mother’s education | −.902* | −.530 | −.531 |
| Annual household income | −.301 | −.354* | −.353* |
| ADHD | 2.792*** | 2.811*** | |
| Screen behaviors in bedtime | .504 | .545+ | |
| Diet behaviors in bedtime | .087 | .037 | |
| Anxiety/Depression | 1.413*** | 1.437*** | |
| Screen × ADHD | −.272 | ||
| Diet × ADHD | .165 | ||
| Anxiety/Depression × ADHD | −.060 | ||
| R2(F) | .034(3.649***) | .292(23.820***) | .293(17.874***) |
| Sleep onset delay | |||
| Child’s gender | .029 | .057 | .062 |
| Child’s age | .021 | .026 | .031 |
| Father’s education | .061 | −.060 | −.061 |
| Mother’s education | −.088* | −.076* | −.075* |
| Annual household income | .009 | .010 | .010 |
| ADHD | .039 | .049 | |
| Screen behaviors in bedtime | .038 | .048 | |
| Diet behaviors in bedtime | .001 | .005 | |
| Anxiety/Depression | .025 | −.025 | |
| Screen × ADHD | .058* | ||
| Diet × ADHD | .0 | ||
| Anxiety/Depression × ADHD | −.002 | ||
| R2(F) | .044(5.6***) | .054(3.9***) | .064(3.5***) |
| Sleep duration | |||
| Child’s gender | .050 | .192 | .188 |
| Child’s age | .051 | .097+ | .100+ |
| Father’s education | −.054 | −.026 | −.025 |
| Mother’s education | −.157+ | −.140+ | −.145+ |
| Annual household income | −.083* | −.086* | −.085* |
| ADHD | .325*** | .313*** | |
| Screen behaviors in bedtime | .020 | .002 | |
| Diet behaviors in bedtime | .031 | .046 | |
| Anxiety/Depression | .087 | .046 | |
| Screen × ADHD | .033 | ||
| Diet × ADHD | −.021 | ||
| Anxiety/Depression × ADHD | .095+ | ||
| R2(F) | .041 (5.0***) | .102 (7.4***) | .107 (5.8***) |
| Night wakings | |||
| Child’s gender | .039 | .108 | .103 |
| Child’s age | .045 | .075* | .077* |
| Father’s education | −.043 | −.027 | −.029 |
| Mother’s education | −.160** | −.152** | −.152** |
| Annual household income | .018 | .019 | .021 |
| ADHD | .164*** | .157*** | |
| Screen behaviors in bedtime | −.025 | −.018 | |
| Diet behaviors in bedtime | .076+ | .057 | |
| Anxiety/Depression | .065 | .050 | |
| Screen × ADHD | −.043 | ||
| Diet × ADHD | .061+ | ||
| Anxiety/Depression × ADHD | .049 | ||
| R2(F) | .046 (5.7***) | .098 (7.2***) | .107 (5.9***) |
| Sleep-disordered breathing | |||
| Child’s gender | −.133* | −.061 | −.061 |
| Child’s age | .010 | .035 | .036 |
| Father’s education | −.021 | −.009 | −.010 |
| Mother’s education | −.018 | −.011 | −.009 |
| Annual household income | .010 | .009 | .010 |
| ADHD | .170*** | .173*** | |
| Screen behaviors in bedtime | .003 | .014 | |
| Diet behaviors in bedtime | .025 | .014 | |
| Anxiety/Depression | −.009 | −.008 | |
| Screen × ADHD | −.052+ | ||
| Diet × ADHD | .036 | ||
| Anxiety/Depression × ADHD | .006 | ||
| R2(F) | .012 (1.5) | .067 (4.8***) | .074 (3.9***) |
+p < .1, *p < .05, **p < .001, ***p < .01
aModel 1: Gender, age, father’s education, mother’s education, Annual household income. These variables were adjusted in model 2–3;
bModel 2: Variables of ADHD, Screen behavior (Screen), Diet before sleep (Diet), Anxiety/Depression were added;
cModel 3: Interactive terms of Screen × ADHD, Diet × ADHD, Anxiety/Depression× ADHD were added