Figure 4.

The transmembrane potential and molecular uptake occur on dramatically different timescales. A, Pulses with durations of 10 and 100 microseconds are shown simulated using $\text{δ}=1\times {10}^{-3}$. B, A lag exists between when the N stage is fully relaxed to 0 as the M stage persists. M and N reach plateaus upon removal of the source current with the applied electric field of $E_0=400$ kV/m.