Table 1.

Model Parameters.

Parameter	Value	Description (Units)	References
α	2.0×10−6	N formation rate	43
β	4.0×10−6	N relaxation rate	8,10,19,44
γ	1.0×106	Relative permeabilized conductance	19,44,45
η	4.0×10−9	M relaxation rate	9,21
ξ	5.0×10−4	Permeability coefficient	9,21,25
${\text{λ}}_M$	0.63	Solute radius/defect radius	25
${\text{ρ}}_s$	0.5	Solute radius (nm)	46
${\text{ρ}}_d$	0.8	Defect radius (nm)	10,47
$U_0$	250	EP threshold voltage (mV)	19
${\text{τ}}_{\text{RC}}$	1.0	Membrane time constant (microseconds)	19,20,48,49
$D_{\infty }$	0.5×10−9	Solute diffusivity (m2/s)	46
h	5.0	Membrane thickness (nm)	50,51
r	7.5	Cell radiusa (μm)
${\text{σ}}_{\text{PBS}}$	1.01	PBS conductivitya (S/m)
${\text{σ}}_{\text{SFDF}}$	0.93	SFDF conductivitya (S/m)
${\text{σ}}_{\text{HEPES}}$	0.08	HEPES conductivitya (S/m)

^a Denotes values found in the accompanying manuscript.