Table 2.
Parameter | RAS-TT (N = 11) | TT (N = 13) | NDT (N = 11) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pre | Post | d | Pre | Post | d | Pre | Post | d | |
FAST GAIT SPEED TEST | |||||||||
Velocity [m/s]† | 0.92 ± 0.46 | 1.27 ± 0.48* | 0.75 | 0.85 ± 0.36 | 1.03 ± 0.35* | 0.50 | 0.95 ± 0.37 | 1.12 ± 0.40 | 0.43 |
Cadence [steps/min]† | 96.7 ± 22.8 | 116.5 ± 22.5* | 0.87 | 98.0 ± 19.3 | 101.5 ± 16.8 | 0.19 | 101.4 ± 21.31 | 101.0 ± 16.9 | −0.02 |
Stride length [m]† | 1.09 ± 0.35 | 1.28 ± 0.32* | 0.57 | 1.01 ± 0.28 | 1.19 ± 0.28* | 0.66 | 1.10 ± 0.27 | 1.30 ± 0.34 | 0.65 |
LOCOMETRE GAIT ANALYSIS | |||||||||
Velocity [m/s]† | 0.84 ± 0.43 | 1.20 ± 0.47* | 0.81 | 0.76 ± 0.29 | 0.97 ± 0.34* | 0.69 | 0.84 ± 0.39 | 1.07 ± 0.36 | 0.60 |
Cadence [steps/min]† | 96.6 ± 25.0 | 115.0 ± 23.4* | 0.76 | 91.2 ± 19.6 | 102.7 ± 15.3* | 0.65 | 98.4 ± 23.7 | 105.7 ± 17.7 | 0.35 |
Stride length [m]† | 0.99 ± 0.31 | 1.22 ± 0.31* | 0.76 | 0.96 ± 0.26 | 1.12 ± 0.29* | 0.55 | 0.97 ± 0.29 | 1.18 ± 0.28* | 0.74 |
3 MIN WALKING TIME TEST | |||||||||
Distance [m]† | 162.2 ± 69.4 | 216.8 ± 75.5* | 0.75 | 146.5 ± 62.0 | 170.5 ± 53.7 | 0.41 | 180.3 ± 108.4 | 218.3 ± 119.9* | 0.33 |
INSTRUMENTAL EVALUATION OF BALANCE | |||||||||
Mean lateral COP displacement [mm] | 11.2 ± 9.5 | 11.6 ± 9.3 | 0.05 | 15.9 ± 10.7 | 13.4 ± 10.6 | −0.23 | 15.3 ± 9.9 | 13.0 ± 10.5 | −0.23 |
Length of COP sway [mm]† | 714.2 ± 393.5 | 702.5 ± 525.0 | −0.03 | 938.6 ± 486.5 | 834.9 ± 410.9 | −0.23 | 722.6 ± 274.7 | 632.6 ± 147.5 | −0.41 |
Sway area of COP [mm2] | 485.6 ± 602.9 | 397.8 ± 364.9 | −0.18 | 450.1 ± 245.1 | 351.5 ± 181.7 | −0.48 | 326.6 ± 216.3 | 259.9 ± 147.5 | −0.36 |
Statistically significant time effect (p < 0.05),
statistically significant differences between pre and post-intervention values (p < 0.01), d,
effect size Cohen's; , strong effect; , moderate effect; , small effect; RAS-TT, rhythmic auditory stimulation on treadmill; TT, treadmill training; NDT, neurodevelopmental treatment; COP, center of pressure.